The purpose of this study is to identify elements that influence the sale of generic pharmaceutical products during their life cycle in order to achieve more comprehensive planning and to prevent a decline stage of the product life cycle (PLC). We used a system dynamic model to identify the...

Manufacturers face increased cost pressure and market volatility. Product life cycles are getting shorter. Production has to be faster and increasingly local. The acceleration of "time-to-market" could happen thanks to the solutions of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), with supply chains morphing into highly...

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely tested humanity, revealing the need to develop and improve the medical, economic, managerial, and IT components of vaccine management systems. The vaccine lifecycle includes vaccine research and development, production, distribution, and vaccination of the...

We study the implications of economic policies on household's decisions. We focus on Chile in 2019. Using a life-cycle search model and survey data, we found that an equivalent change in labor tax rates and non-contributory pensions (NCP) have opposite effects on labor markets, specifically on...

Life cycle assessments (LCA) are an essential tool to explore the environmental impacts associated with a product or service over the course of the entire life cycle. For accurate modelling, data on all relevant potential environmental impacts should be included in an LCA. To consider land in...

Background: Several product lifecycle management systems (PLMs) have been implemented in the industrial sector for managing the data of the product from the design up to the disposal or recycling stage. However, these PLMs face certain challenges in managing the complex and decentralized product...

This paper presents an empirical model that estimates the Prosecco life cycle. We use OLS and 3SLS to estimate the life cycle of Prosecco (1) worldwide, (2) as a system of equations in selected countries and (3) as a system of equations in comparison with Cava and Champagne. Our results reveal...

The advancement of technology in the biopharmaceutical industry has spearheaded the speed and scale of digitalization in various aspects. New drug development is becoming more complex, costly, and challenging. This paper examines how the pharmaceutical value chain model could integrate with the...

Lightweight design is regarded as a technological approach to engineer products in a more energy and material efficient- and, therefore, resource-saving way. In this sense, high-tech multi-materials, also referred to as composites, have become very popular for many decades due to their...

A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) study was conducted for an open-field strawberry (strb) produced in California. The evaluation covered the full supply chain of strawberry, which also included the impacts of food waste generated at each phase of the life cycle. The supply chain...

We analyze alternative policies such as a disposal content fee, a subsidy for recyclable designs, unit pricing of household disposal, a deposit-refund system, and a manufacturer `take-back' requirement. In order to identify the problem being addressed, we build a simple general equilibrium model...

This paper looks for dynamic patterns in international trade flows using comprehensive multilateral American and Japanese data disaggregated to the four-digit SITC level. Little evidence is found of product-cycle dynamics between 1962 and 1988. Rather, goods that begin the sample in surplus...

By analyzing production with a continuum of tasks subject to common stochastic effects, the analysis shows that tension between business commonality and standardization is an important source of product cycles. The paper addresses the question of whether business commonality and standardization...

Bioenergy is an economic and ecological alternative energy, derived from biomaterials such as bioethanol, biomass, biodiesel etc. Therefore, biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable fuel could be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease. Traditionally world...

The tourism area life cycle is used to map the changes within the tourism destination on a temporal basis. The paper reviews the literature on the tourism area life cycle from 2003-2020. Articles appearing in journals having a cite score of 1.0 or higher were considered for the review process....

We document a new stylized fact for the life-cycle behavior of consumer prices: relative to a narrowly defined set of competing products, the price of individual products tends to fall over the product lifetime. This holds true for more than 90% of the expenditure items underlying the U.K....

We document a new stylized fact for the life-cycle behavior of consumer prices: relative to a narrowly defined set of competing products, the price of individual products tends to fall over the product lifetime. This holds true for more than 90% of the expenditure items underlying the U.K....

Cost management is a process that contributes to increases in efficiency that have an impact on a finished product. Comprehensive cost management uses information that is created by the cost accounting system and new concepts of measurement and valuation of product manufacturing costs. This...

A mathematical formulation is developed for modeling a joint two-echelon supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer (i.e., vendor) who continuously produces a production lot of size Q items with constant production rate P≥D where D is the given demand rate set by the retailer (i.e.,...

Converging business, sustainability, and technology is a challenge that manufacturing firms face to create value and be competitive. Energy- and raw material-intensive manufacturing industries are particularly aware of environmental issues and circular economy practices due to the large amounts...

Durch den "European Green Deal" und den "Circular Economy Action Plan" der Europäischen Union (EU) hat die EU-Produktpolitik 2019 und 2020 neue Impulse erhalten. In beiden Strategiepapieren der Europäischen Kommission wird ein elektronischer bzw. digitaler Produktpass als wesentliches...

New competitive and environmental challenges have fostered renewed attention towards organizational design. This scenario calls for a significant return to organizational design studies that embrace a holistic approach, especially those focusing on the simultaneous interaction of multiple design...

The incentives to search for employment vary systematically over the life cycle and with idiosyncratic productivity. These variations should be accounted for when designing UI policy. Using a life cycle model with endogenous human capital accumulation and permanent differences in worker...