Automation affects workers because it affects the return to their skills when performing different tasks. I propose a general equilibrium model of occupational choice and technological change which takes two important labor market features into account: (i) automation happens to tasks and (ii)...

Mit den vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels zunehmenden Lücken am Arbeitsmarkt und den sich verändernden Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten im Kontext von Digitalisierung, Dekarbonisierung und De-Globalisierung wird es in Deutschland und Europa immer wichtiger, dass die...

Using historical, longitudinal data on individuals, we track the earnings of immigrant and U.S.-born women. Following individuals, instead of synthetic cohorts, avoids biases in earnings-growth estimates caused by compositional changes in the cohorts that are followed. The historical data...

University education is focused on the acquisition of skills by students, regardless of the technical nature of the subjects and syllabus. In the field of accounting, previous literature has confirmed the existence of a gap in expectations between the skills of students and what would be...

In this report, we present the first evidence on how the cohorts of young people who entered the labour market during the pandemic have fared up to now. In Section 2, we discuss why we might expect the pandemic to lead to scarring effects, documenting how labour market outcomes evolved over the...

Es werden die langfristigen Veränderungen der aggregierten Tätigkeiten der Beschäftigten in der deutschen Automobilindustrie analysiert. Die zentrale Frage ist, ob die beobachteten Veränderungen der Tätigkeiten innerhalb der Berufe stattfi nden oder über die Reallokation der Beschäftigten...

The labour market position of the lower skilled is increasingly under pressure in most high income countries. Their bargaining position is declining under the twin pressures of globalisation and technological change; and they are at risk of losing access to better positions as firms’ pay and...

Human capability is one of the four aspects of wealth in the Treasury's Living Standards Framework. Combined with the other three aspects - the natural environment, physical and financial capital, and social cohesion, it underpins both current and future wellbeing. Human capability is defined as...

As schools worldwide were forced to close due to the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, they struggled to switch to online education. Using Japan's nationwide administrative data, we examine the impact of schools' ICT equipment and teachers' IT skills on the provision of online classes,...

We investigate the returns to cognitive ability in the labor and capital markets. Using population-wide Swedish military enlistment data and administrative tax records, we find that cognitive ability is much better at predicting capital income than labor earnings. The difference is almost a...

In this paper we systematically evaluate the impact of using the alternative methods conventionally used in the international literature on the measured incidence of educational mismatch and its earnings effects. We use a rich Australian longitudinal data set for a controlled group of full-time...

Reliable detection of forecasting skill is slow and resource-intensive. Forecasters need to answer dozens of questions, which may take months or years to resolve. To accelerate this process, we propose the Full Accuracy Score (FAS), a measure that combines the strengths of ground-truth-based...

We estimate month-of-birth effects on cognitive and noncognitive skills, as well as factors relevant to skill formation. Our estimates indicate that younger students in a given grade cohort have lower cognitive and noncognitive skills. To shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we also examine...

This paper uses linked Swiss administrative and survey data to examine the relationship between educational mismatch in the labour market and emigration decisions, carrying out the analysis for both Swiss native and previous immigrant workers. In turn, migrants' decisions separate returning home...

Managerial competencies are seen these days as essential sources of attaining a competitive edge for all managerial levels from low, and middle up to senior managers. The study then aimed to determine the effect of managerial competencies on the employees’ trust in management. To deepen the...

Employees’ skill development is key to organizations’ competitiveness in a global, knowledge-based economy. Prior research in accounting, however, has mainly focused on the effects of management control instruments on the provision of transitory effort, thereby treating employee ability as...

In this article, it is analyzed which variables limit the reduction of inequality in South America, as measured by the skill premium, in the period of economic stagnation 2016-2019. It considers the variables that explain the decline in inequality in the region in 2002-2015 and applies a...

This paper identifies an important mechanism through which the homeownership gap among racial groups can be narrowed. The effects of skills achieved in early adulthood—as measured by the Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score, the Rotter score, and a Social skill score based on Demings...

Under innovation-induced growth, industry upgrading depends on skilled worker and its allocation efficiency.However,Incomplete market including monopoly and unbalanced industry impeled skilled worker to flow into rent-seeking departments,which caused skill misallocation across sectors,and thus...

What drives differences in pay between firms? To answer this question, we build a harmonised cross-country linked employer-employee data set to analyse the role of firms in wage inequality since the 2000s in 20 OECD countries. The main finding is that, on average across countries, changes in the...

We evaluate the effects of an online self-assessment tool on teachers' competencies and beliefs about ICT in education. The causal impact of the tool is evaluated through a randomized encouragement design, involving 7,391 lower secondary teachers across 11 European countries. Short-run impact...

The Greek labour market recorded a significant improvement during the first half of 2022. This is encouraging and reflects, inter alia, output growth, the government support measures during the pandemic and the implementation of important structural reforms during the previous decade. However,...

This study examines how leader selection is affected by individual qualifications and willingness to lead using laboratory experiments. The experimental treatments are whether the candidate’s information involves the willingness to lead (WTL), and whether the group leader’s task emphasizes...

This paper critically examined the crisis generated by the teachers’ competency test in Kaduna state which led to agitation for the reform of the educational sector in Nigeria. The article strongly supported the need for such reforms nevertheless, faulted the procedural executions which...

The distribution of income has been shown to be approximately Pareto and there are different mechanisms proposed in the literature that can generate such distribution. This paper shows that scarcity of skills and a neoclassical production function in labor can generate an exact Pareto...

Cross-border migration can act as an important adjustment mechanism to country-specific shocks. Yet, depending on who moves, it can have unintended consequences for business cycle stability. This paper argues that the skill composition of migration plays a critical role. When migration flows...

We develop novel measures of early-career skills that are more detailed, comprehensive, and labor-market-relevant than existing skill proxies. We exploit that skill requirements of apprenticeships in Germany are codified in state-approved, nationally standardized apprenticeship plans. These...

We analyse the impact of robot adoption on employment composition using novel micro data on robot use in German manufacturing plants linked with social security records and data on job tasks. Our task-based model predicts more favourable employment effects for the least routine-task intensive...

We study the stability of noncognitive skills by comparing experimental results gathered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a sample of professional traders, we find a significant decrease in agreeableness and locus of control and a moderate decrease in grit. These patterns are...

Entrepreneurship education is a recent field in education. From a field mainly related to small business, it is extended towards enhancement of students' entrepreneurial attitudes and skills. It can support students in developing an independent and versatile way by growing the spirit of...

The paper explores "life skills" acquired and enhanced during an internship in preparation for the work of the future, identifies challenges faced and gaps between academic preparation and internship requirements, and explores the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the internship experiences of...

This paper estimates conditional demand models to examine the impact of offshoring, technological change, and migration on the labour demand of native workers differentiated by four different types of occupational groups: managers/professionals, clerical workers, craft (skilled) workers and...

A large literature establishes that cognitive and non-cognitive skills are strongly correlated with educational attainment and professional achievement. Isolating the causal effects of these traits on career outcomes is made difficult by reverse causality and selection issues. We suggest a...

Are genetic differences between people associated with their career choices? We link data from a large sample of genotyped individuals to Swedish government register data on study major and occupation. Our data contains polygenic indices that summarize genetic variants linked to several...

This article fills the lack of work on the link between return migration and social cohesion in the country of origin of migration. For the first time, we assess the effect of skills acquired abroad by return migrants on social relations and quality of life in Cameroon using original survey data...

This study's main objective is assessing the effects of innovation on firms' employment growth. Further, we aimed to examine the quality of jobs in terms of skills and wages. By applying a structural modeling ap- proach, four types of innovation were considered-namely, product, process,...

This paper uses Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data linked to administrative data to track the educational and labour market outcomes of young people. Students with lower skills have lower rates of participation in further education. While men with low skills out-earn...

We investigate the returns to cognitive ability in the labor and capital markets. Using population-wide Swedish military enlistment data and administrative tax records, we find that cognitive ability is much better at predicting capital income than labor earnings. The difference is almost a...

In the last few months, there has been a series of strikes by teachers in further education colleges across England over pay and conditions, and more strikes look set to impact the post-16 education sector this year. With inflation at around 10%, college teachers have experienced large...