This paper examines the relationship between labor market power and employer discrimination, providing new causal evidence on when and where discriminatory outcomes arise. We leverage mass layoffs and firm closures as a source of exogenous job search and combine this with an exact matching...

This paper addresses the conceptual gap between the expected benefits of federalism in managing ethnicity-based conflict and its actual governance outcomes in the African context. One of the main reasons for this gap is the conflation of federalism with decentralization. In response, we develop...

This paper studies whether affirmative action policies towards the outsider group may foster a backlash by the insider one. We exploit the unique historical context provided by the legacy of apartheid in democratic South Africa. We found that the completion of the affirmative action legislation...

We present evidence for taste-based discrimination against Chinese first authors in economic citations. We utilize a gravity model of citations and interpret the bias as a negative effect of "cultural distance". After controlling for quality as well as author-, paper-, and journal-specific...

Holt and Vinopal (2023) provides evidence of an income-based gap in time spent waiting for services on the typical day in the United States. The gap was estimated at the extensive margin, unconditional intensive margin, and intensive margin conditional on some waiting time. The analysis was...

Karsten Müller and Carlo Schwarz (2022) investigate the impact of Twitter on anti-Muslim hate crimes, demonstrating that higher Twitter usage correlates with increased hate crimes, particularly during Donald Trump's political rise. Their findings highlight social media's ability to amplify...

This document has been developed in the context of the Study on sanctions for discrimination on racial/ethnic/religious grounds (the Study) commissioned by the European Commission Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers (DG JUST). This Good Practice Guide offers guidance on the regulation...

This study, based on national desk research, stakeholder interviews, and a participatory event, assesses the regulation and application of sanctions under the Racial Equality Directive (RED) and Employment Equality Directive (EED). The Study examines sanctions for discrimination on ethnic,...

Dietrich and Sands (2023) used New York City traffic camera footage to experimentally examine the effect of a pair of racialized confederate bystanders on the distance pedestrians maintained from those bystanders as they passed them on the sidewalk. Across their block-randomized experimental...

We examine how exogenous changes in exposure to air pollution over the past two decades have altered the disparities in home values between Black and White homeowners. We find that air quality capitalization rates are significantly lower for Black homeowners. In fact, they are so much lower...

Discrimination remains a persistent challenge with significant moral and economic consequences. While extensive economics research has documented its existence, identifying effective strategies for reducing discrimination remains an evolving field. This chapter synthesizes theoretical...

We demonstrate that racial biases against tutors hinder learning. In e-learning experiments, U.S. conservatives are more likely to disregard advice from Black tutors, resulting in reduced performance compared to learners taught by white tutors. We show that the bias is unconscious and,...

The Housing Choice Voucher program provides substantial rental subsidies to low-income households, yet many recipients struggle to secure housing with their vouchers, particularly in low-poverty areas. This paper examines a key bottleneck in the program: landlord discrimination against voucher...

This paper examines the extent to which local newspaper closures affect discrimination against minority borrowers in mortgage lending. I Ąnd that following a newspaper closure, interest rate differentials between minority (black or Hispanic) and comparable non-minority borrowers increase by 5.5...

South Africa's economic growth has stagnated over the past decade due to entrenched structural rigidities. This paper examines the impact of reforms addressing shortcomings in governance, business regulation, and labor market on output and employment. The analysis quantifies the potential...

We estimate the intergenerational effects of compulsory schooling (CS) laws in the United States (1875 to 1940), exploiting the staggered roll-out of state CS laws and using difference-in-differences and instrumental variable (IV) approaches in a linked panel of full-count US census data....

How much is owed today to Blacks and other groups who have suffered substantial past economic violence? The issue has become extremely relevant given the $105 million reparations program announced by the City of Tulsa on June 1, 2025. To make some progress on this complex issue, this short paper...

In this article, we explore the relationship between ethnic discrimination and neighborhood composition using a field experiment involving employment applications in the fast-food industry in metropolitan France. First of all, we note a high overall level of discrimination in hiring on the basis...

South Africa represents a paradigmatic case in international literature on racial discrimination, illustrating a deeply institutionalised system that affected all aspects of daily life. Black, Coloured, and Asian populations were systematically relegated to a subordinate status compared to the...

This report investigates the computational reproducibility and robustness of the paper "Seeing Racial Avoidance on New York City Streets" (Dietrich and Sands 2023). These reproduction efforts are part of the mass reproduction initiative for articles published in Nature Human Behaviour (NHB),...

In an era when the public and shareholders increasingly demand greater accountability from institutions for racial injustice and slavery, scholarship on corporate reparations is more and more essential. This article argues that corporations have played a significant role in the cultural...

This paper examines how attitudes among supervisors, co-workers, and customers are related to discrimination against sexual minority individuals in the workplace. Participants from a large, nationally representative online sample in Chile took part in double list experiments - which reduce...

This paper examines the racial implications of police interaction with algorithms, particularly in the context of racial disparities in rearrest predictions. Our experimental study involved showing police officers the profiles of young offenders and asking them to predict rearrest probabilities...

Hungary's sizeable Roma minority is hit by massive prejudice. Using 2011 Census data and supplementary sources, we study how ethnic bias translates to employment discrimination in local labor markets. The male ethnic employment gap, adjusted for a rich battery of controls, was 20-40 percent...

Over sixty years following Brown vs. Board of Education, racial and socioeconomic segregation and lack of equal access to educational opportunities persist. Across the country, voluntary desegregation busing programs aim to ameliorate these imbalances and disparities. A longstanding...

This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in mortgage-lending outcomes across different lender types-large banks, fintech lenders, non-bank lenders, small banks, and credit unions-using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data from 2018 to 2023. By analyzing approval rates, rate spreads,...