We show that plurilateral agreements facilitate global tariff liberalization by creating an MFN-based margin of cooperation that leaves preferential access via preferential trade agreements (PTAs) unchanged. In a model of endogenous trade agreement formation with farsighted governments, PTAs...

We show that plurilateral agreements facilitate global tariff liberalization by creating an MFN-based margin of cooperation that leaves preferential access via preferential trade agreements (PTAs) unchanged. In a model of endogenous trade agreement formation with farsighted governments, PTAs...

This paper presents a method for estimating treatment effects of local climate shocks when regions trade with each other. Because trade creates spillovers, comparing the change in outcomes of regions with different exposure to shocks leads to biased estimates. We model these between-region...

• we analyze plurilateral trade agreements that liberalize trade in particular products among a range of countries • the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) covers around 12% of global trade • our theory shows that such agreements can be a way forward for multilateral liberalization in...

This study takes stock of recent developments on digital payments in Thailand and ASEAN more broadly, explores the drivers and the potential benefits, analyzes the factors underlying the frequency of digital payment usage, and discusses the relevant policy considerations. ASEAN countries have...

Amidst the polycrisis of 2018-2024, Asia-Pacific trade flows exhibited a structural resilience that contrasts with traditional theoretical predictions of severe trade contraction under high uncertainty. This study investigates these resilience dynamics using a structural gravity model estimated...

Chapter 1. Introduction to Essays on Global Regionalism (Vol. II): Will Regions Save the World? -- Part I: Global Perspectives -- Chapter 2. Are you NUTS? A United Nations of Regions -- Chapter 3. United Nations Law and Global Regionalism -- Chapter 4. United Regions: Exploring the Impact of...

Chapter 1. Introduction to Essays on Global Regionalism (Vol. I): Past, Present and Future of Regionalism Studies -- Part I: What are the Global Origins of Regionalism Thinking? -- Chapter 2. Pan-Africanism: A Theory of Regional Integration -- Chapter 3. Nkrumah, Somalia, and the Regional Ebb...

Singapore in the History of British North Borneo : an Examination of Singapore as Centre to the Region / Danny Tze Ken Wong -- China, Entrepo??t Trade, and Singapore Chinese Merchants, 1945-65 / Jason Lim -- Trading Hub Beyond Ideologies : Singapore-North Korean Economic Connection and Mission...

This paper explores the estimation of interregional trade as a lens through which to assess the broader dynamics of economic integration, with a particular emphasis on the persistent "border effect" in the European Union (EU). Although regional integration is intended to foster seamless economic...

This study analyses the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) using a recursively dynamic global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, MAGNET. The study considers two policy measures: cuts in bilateral...

This Perspective argues that the ASEAN-led RCEP agreement and the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific have created significant momentum for ASEAN to further reinforce its central role in advancing Asia-Pacific economic integration.

This paper examines the evolution of global merchandise trade, between 2010 and 2022, assessing the share of imports subject to regional trade agreements (RTAs). A key question for us is whether the share of merchandise trade subject to preferences has kept pace with the proliferation in RTAs....

The Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) principle has historically been instrumental in promoting stability and equitable trade conditions. In recent decades there has been a rise in bilateral and regional trade agreements, which deviate from the MFN principle in providing more favourable tariff...

How does dismantling deep integration affect international trade? This paper provides new evidence on the consequences of disintegration by estimating the impact of Brexit on goods trade by UK firms. The UK’s exit from the EU’s single market and customs union in January 2021 led to an...

The increasing number of regional cooperation developments has attracted many researchers and scholars to explore further. This paper has utilized theoretical perspectives in analyzing the development of regional cooperation of Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Regional...

Ever since their independence, African countries have engaged in a series of treaties creating 8 Regional Economic Communities (RECs) that were (and still are) to pilot this integration starting with a Free Trade Area (FTA) followed by a customs union, a common market, and a monetary union...

E-commerce has become an essential element, rather than a mere option, for various growth drivers in Africa. The adoption by the African Union of the e-commerce strategy in June 2024 and then of the AfCFTA e-commerce protocol on February 15th 2025 are important milestones for the digital...

The trade strategy of the European Union has experienced substantial transformations in the initial two decades of the millennium, focusing on Asia, the strategy emphasises competitive bilateralism, shared values, and alignment with European trade standards. The EU's trade strategy has been...

In an era of global systemic transformations, small states encounter heightened challenges in safeguarding their sovereignty and maintaining strategic relevance. This article examines Armenia's foreign policy as a representative case of small state behavior in a contested geopolitical...

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) in safeguarding financial stability among members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Japan, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea-particularly in response to...