This study examines the role of board gender diversity in shaping cor‑ porate financial decisions, particularly in terms of debt structure and risk management. Focusing on the Tehran Stock Exchange, it explores how female representation on boards influences long‑term and short‑term...

The changing climate requires businesses to take adaptive action. A key prerequisite for optimal adaptive action is that businesses are aware of the climate risks that they face. This, in turn, necessitates that businesses do not base their risk perception solely on prior experience, or a lack...

This article examines the relationship between implementing sustainable development measures and financial risk in the context of global companies and the recycling economy. This study uses statistics from Forbes, TIME, and Statista on 50 global companies that actively embrace sustainable...

This research determines the contribution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to reducing financial risks and, consequently, to the sustainable development of companies in different sectors of the economy and at different phases of the economic cycle (using Russia as an example). The...

In this work, we introduce an innovative approach to managing electricity costs within Germany's evolving energy market, where dynamic tariffs are becoming increasingly normal. In line with recent German governmental policies, particularly the Energiewende (Energy Transition) and European Union...

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly generative AI and large language models (LLMs), has ushered in a new era of possibilities for the financial sector. This paper explores the integration of these cutting-edge technologies into financial sector risk...

The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) presents both challenges and criticisms, but it will also offer more ESG information for financial institutions' investments and exposures. Banks and investors are realizing that addressing the supervisory expectations about...

Approximately sixty percent of German goods exports are transported via sea freight. The international shipping industry is dominated by firms registered in offshore centers with little transparency. Criminals feel invited to abuse these opaque constructions for laundering their illegally...

Moral hazard in health insurance arises when insured individuals are incentivized to over-utilize healthcare services, especially when they face low out-of-pocket costs. While existing literature primarily addresses moral hazard through qualitative studies, this paper introduces a quantitative...

Volatility forecasting for financial institutions plays a pivotal role across a wide range of domains, such as risk management, option pricing, and market making. For instance, banks can incorporate volatility forecasts into stress testing frameworks to ensure they are holding sufficient capital...

Traditionally, business risk management models have not taken into consideration household composition for the purposes of credit granting or project financing in order to manage the risk of default. In this research, an improvement in the risk management model was obtained by introducing...

Higher education institutions (HEI) and the quality of educational products and services they deliver play a critical role in supporting international development goals and Filipinos' national aspirations. However, achieving quality in tertiary education has benefits and costs, making HEI...

This study explores the effect of risk management on capital structure deviations. Specifically, we innovatively classify capital structure deviations into direct and indirect deviations, with our classification being based on deviations resulting mainly from changes in either actual or target...

The Association of Mutual Funds of India (AMFI), under the direction of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), provided open access to various risk parameters with respect to MidCap and SmallCap funds for the first time from February 2024. Our study utilizes AMFI datasets from...

This article reviews the literature on the economic impacts of disasters caused by extreme weather and climate events to draw lessons on how societies can better manage these risks. While evidence that richer, better governed societies suffer less and recover faster from climate extremes...

This paper is devoted to establishing the consequences of integrating CSR into the marketing mix for financial risks in modern companies. Based on the international statistics for 2023, we compiled a regression model of the dependence of financial risks on the integration of CSR into their...

The digital economy's rise has fueled the growth of digital banking, but concerns linger about customer protection. While offering advantages like financial inclusion, this shift disrupts traditional banking experiences and introduces potential risks. Customer safety in this new landscape is...

In 2018, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) introduced International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9), which sets out principles for hedge accounting and replaces International Accounting Standard 39 (IAS 39). IFRS 9 aims to provide better information about companies'...

This work provides an economic exploration of the multifaceted world of medical malpractice risk. Third party liability insurance plays a central role in protecting healthcare providers and public care institutions from the financial consequences of medical malpractice claims, although in recent...

Purpose: This study addresses the complex risks of implementing prescriptive analytics in vineyard management. It focusses on integrating diverse, previously isolated data resources into operational decisions in irrigation, nutrition and pest management. Aligning with the United Nations'...

The ageing of the population has negative effects on the gross domestic product (GDP), influencing various economic and social aspects. These effects, in turn, contribute to an increase in the debt-to-GDP ratio, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of public debt. The objective of...

This study analyses the impact of two major macroeconomic shocks-the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war-on the financial stability of LPP SA, a leading apparel company in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe. This research uses the coefficient of variation to assess changes in financial...

The research aimed to identify and evaluate the risks associated with IT projects, particularly focusing on their impacts. Despite numerous efforts, a significant number of software projects still fail to achieve success; however, these risks can be effectively managed. This study outlines...

Understanding the density of possible prices in one-minute intervals provides traders, investors, and financial institutions with the data necessary for making informed decisions, managing risk, optimizing trading strategies, and enhancing the overall efficiency of the cryptocurrency market....

Under the revised market risk framework of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the model validation regime for internal models now requires that models capture the tail risk in profit-and-loss (P&L) distributions at the trading desk level. We develop multi-desk backtests, which...

Hedging downside risk before substantial price corrections is vital for risk management and long-only active equity manager performance. This study proposes a novel methodology for crafting timing signals to hedge sectors' downside risk. These signals can be integrated into existing strategies...

Financial technology (fintech) innovations are transforming banking globally. Their adoption poses new opportunities and risks for Islamic banks with unique requirements. This study examines fintech's implications for risk management effectiveness in United Arab Emirates Islamic banks. A...

Addressing recent calls by European regulatory and supervisory authorities, we develop a new bottom-up climate risk assessment method to examine the resilience of the European banking industry regarding transitory climate risks. We illustrate our approach by estimating the impact of a 50-100 EUR...

Background: The modern credit card system is critical, but it has not been fully examined to meet the unique financial needs of a constantly changing number of manufacturers and importers. Methods: An intelligent credit card system integrates the features of artificial intelligence and...