Sustainability reporting is the subject of substantial improvements with the adoption at the European level of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive 2022/2464/EU. Companies must prepare well in advance, under the pressure of a tight timeline, to implement this directive. In this...

This study develops a dynamic IS-LM macroeconomic model that incorporates delayed taxation and a memory-dependent income effect, and calibrates it to quarterly data for Romania (2000-2023). Within this framework, fiscal policy lags are modelled using a 'memory' income variable that weights past...

The close relationship between tourism and transportation in the context of sustainable mobility development and increased environmental and sustainability policies is widely debated in the scientific literature. The Romanian railway transport system may represent an ignored opportunity that is...

In today's dynamic tourism industry, shaped by globalization and digitalization, understanding destination competitiveness is crucial for crafting sustainable development policies. This paper explores Romania's competitive advantage as a tourist destination through both theoretical and practical...

The paper examines the price volatility, key determinants, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework of Romania's Intraday Continuous Market (IDC) during the summer months. The stability of the ARDL-ECM coefficients is assessed using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) test. We explore the...

This study uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze the political discourse of the surprise presidential candidate, focusing on linguistic patterns, sentiment distribution, and recurring themes. This study addresses the problem of how TikTok virality and algorithmic...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

Romania faces rising wildfire risk, with both frequency and impact expected to intensify. In 2021, Romania was identified as one of the countries in the European Union (EU) most affected by wildfires. Despite the country's temperate continental climate, which generally reduces wildfire risk,...

Romania is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the European Union (EU). The national risk assessment (NRA, RO-RISK) identifies earthquakes as the country's top hazard, potentially affecting over half of the country. Romania's capital city, Bucharest, with its dense population and aging...

Sustainability reporting is the subject of substantial improvements with the adoption at the European level of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive 2022/2464/EU. Companies must prepare well in advance, under the pressure of a tight timeline, to implement this directive. In this...

The implementation of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), which requires assurance on sustainability reports for numerous companies, has reached different implementation stages throughout the EU. This study investigated the key uncertainties and challenges arising from the...

This article investigates good practices in sustainability reporting in the Romanian banking sector. Since such a complex endeavour has not been carried out in the financial field in Romania, and the data regarding national reporting is lacking, the methodological approach combines qualitative...

The paper analyses the association between the reporting of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the behaviour of Romanian banks, focusing on the relationship between SDG disclosure scores (both total and across the four sustainability dimensions) and credit risk management practices,...

This paper explores the dynamics of the public water supply and sewerage service in Romania, focusing on the relationships between different operational, commercial and financial variables and their impact on the operating profit rate. The aim of the paper is to analyze the interactions, both in...

This working paper evaluates the impact of the COSME Loan Guarantee Facility (LGF) on SMEs in Greece, Poland, Spain, and Romania between 2015 and 2023. Using advanced econometric methods, we compare SMEs that received a guarantee with a control group of similar companies. We find that SMEs...

This study presents a comprehensive methodological approach to construct a composite index of demographic ageing, with a particular focus on Romania in comparison to the other 26 Member States of the European Union (EU). Drawing on data from 2000 to 2022, the research integrates multiple...

In August 2025, as part of a large fiscal package, Romania announced an increase in tobacco and alcohol excise taxes, news welcomed by proponents of public health. However, the announcement turned into a disappointment for the tobacco control community when the final increase in cigarette excise...

Romania has maintained an external deficit continuously since 1990, which represents a vulnerability of the economy. The subject analysed is important because Romania is trying to keep under control and limit the negative effects of this imbalance, especially in the context of the process of...

Our study analyzes the essential role of social innovation in reducing social exclusion and unemployment while improving citizens' well-being through targeted public policies that enhance GDP allocations to social protection. Using Eurostat data and European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) from 2019...

Mit fortschreitender Digitalisierung findet ein erheblicher Teil der drahtlosen Sprachkommunikation und Datennutzung nicht mehr im Außenraum, sondern in Innenbereichen wie Gebäuden und Fahrzeugen (z. B. Zügen, Kfz) statt. Eine Neuausrichtung der regulatorischen Vorgaben hin zu einer...

Romania's medium-term fiscal framework calls for the fiscal deficit to decline gradually from about 8 percent of GDP in 2024 to 7 percent in 2025 and 3 percent (or less) by 2031. With limited scope for expenditure consolidation ‒ given the low expenditure-to-GDP ratio ‒ revenue mobilization...

Drawing on its rich country-level skills intelligence, Cedefop develops its Spotlights on jobs and skills for EU-27 Member States, Iceland and Norway. The Spotlights provide insights into the current labour market landscape, future trends, and skills anticipation in each country. The analysis is...

This report presents the evaluation results of the pilot intervention, which aimed to enhance the socioeconomic inclusion of marginalized Roma households in Bulgaria, Romania, and Slovakia. The pilot targeted households in extreme poverty receiving means-tested social assistance with a focus on...

The permanent evolution of accounting and financial reporting standards, in particular for listed companies, is justified by the need to adapt these standards to economic, societal, financial, institutional and technological developments. The main objective of the standard setters is that the...

Cedefop's work on qualifications frameworks dates back to 2003. The Centre has contributed to the conceptual development of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and has supported its further implementation, working alongside national authorities and stakeholders to introduce and develop...

The aim is to identify gaps in the monitoring network for Romania according to the revised Ambient Air Quality Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2881). The analysis is conducted considering the data officially reported by Romania for the last five years (2019-2023) to EEA's Repornet2. Data has been...

The total assets of the banking sector in Romania increased significantly over the past decade, from RON 364.1 billion at the end of 2014 to RON 881.7 billion at the end of 2024, according to the statistics of the National Bank of Romania (NBR). This evolution was supported by several factors,...

This study develops a dynamic IS-LM macroeconomic model that incorporates delayed taxation and a memory-dependent income effect, and calibrates it to quarterly data for Romania (2000-2023). Within this framework, fiscal policy lags are modelled using a "memory" income variable that weights past...

Examining the energy consumer behavioral model is critical for national governments and academia. This endeavor seeks to uncover effective solutions amid the energy crisis and climate change challenges. This article delves into legislative developments within the energy sector, European...

Education, notably higher education, faced a significant challenge during the last period. Our data exploratory study aims to provide insights into the key factors that define students' Distance Learning (DL) in the current period. Based on the main findings, we justify our bold proposition for...

The public sector has made significant innovations in its contemporary operations. Beyond digitisation, enhancing the processes involving public servants is necessary to provide effective service to citizens. This study examines the connection between internal marketing strategies and job...

The paper investigates the drivers and barriers that encourage or hinder the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within Romanian SMEs. By using the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework, we examined the role of several factors from each TOE dimension in predicting...

This paper analyses the contribution of the renewable and non-renewable primary energy consumption per capita and the gross fixed capital formation per capita to sustainable economic growth using two models approximated by CES-type functions. Estimates are made by applying the TRANSLOG method....

Understanding the factors influencing consumer behaviour toward green agro-food products is crucial for shaping consumption habits in the interest of sustainable development. The conducted study expanded knowledge on sustainable consumption of green agro-food products by providing new insights...

The fertiliser industry in the European Union is undergoing structural transformations imposed by EU commitments to become carbon neutral by 2050. In terms of the existing possibilities, the industry is in the attention of decision-makers and investors, with various business models being...

This unique insight into the corporate investment in Romania examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2024 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such as climate change, high energy costs and the green transition. The survey, which has...