This paper explores the forms of taxation practised by Al Qaeda and the Islamic State branches operating in Mali and Niger. It builds on insights from the rebel governance literature and an original conceptualisation of jihadist taxation and its effects. Unlike classic perspectives in the rebel...

Submarine cables enable international connectivity and are essential for high- speed internet access. This paper examines their impact on internet access price, focusing on price reductions driven by cost savings and competition intensity. Using a dataset of submarine cable capacity and internet...

Measuring inequality in West Africa is a challenging task that is constrained by the limited availability and irregular collection of household consumption data. To address this challenge, we reconstructed the evolution of inequality in the Sahel region using an innovative framework that...

Dans le Sahel, la vulnérabilité, la pauvreté, la concurrence pour les ressources naturelles et les opportunités économiques limitées ont affaibli les liens sociaux et alimenté les conflits, des dynamiques aggravées par le changement climatique. Dans ce contexte, la protection sociale...

Le Sahel - comprenant le Burkina Faso, le Tchad, le Mali, la Mauritanie, le Niger et le Sénégal - fait face à des inégalités de genre aggravées par la pauvreté, le changement climatique et l'insécurité. Les femmes et les filles souffrent particulièrement de ces crises, notamment à...

La Stratégie d'irrigation au Sahel vise à guider les pays participants dans l'intensification de l'expansion et de la modernisation de l'irrigation de manière rapide et responsable, grâce à une série d'interventions plus diversifiées visant à optimiser l'utilisation de leurs ressources...

The Sahel region is highly vulnerable to climate-related shocks and the effects of seasonality due to the population's dependence on rainfed agricultural activities. Diversifying income sources at household level can help reduce risks, particularly those related to seasonality in agriculture....

Enhancing resilience to climate change is an urgent imperative in the Sahel. Temperatures in the Sahel are rising 1.5 times faster than the global average, leading to extreme temperatures and more erratic and intense rainfall. Climate-related shocks are becoming more frequent and severe,...

Le niveau élevé d'exposition aux chocs, en particulier aux chocs liés au climat et aux conflits, dans la région du Sahel exacerbe la vulnérabilité de la population. Cela augmente également le risque que les non-pauvres tombent dans la pauvreté. En 2018-2019, une nouvelle série...

This report describes a strategic framework that integrates climate considerations to evaluate social and economic development through rural transportation and logistics solutions in the Sahel region. Designed specifically for the Sahel's development goals, characteristics, and challenges, the...

In the African Sahel region, arable land is being increasingly threatened by the implications of climate change. Agroforestry offers opportunities to adapt to these challenges by enhancing ecological resilience and food production through intensification and/or diversification by integrating...

Cette note de politique consolide les points saillants d'une étude financée par le Programme de Protection Sociale Adaptative du Sahel (SASPP), explorant le rôle et l'opérationnalisation des registres sociaux dynamiques dans les contextes à faible revenu et sujets aux chocs, y compris au...

Measuring inequality in West Africa is a challenging task that is constrained by the limited availability and irregular collection of household consumption data. To address this challenge, we reconstructed the evolution of inequality in the Sahel region using an innovative framework that...

Convergence is the merging or coming together of separate elements. In the realm of social protection, this translates into the effective coordination and alignment of different humanitarian and development initiatives toward a shared national vision. Convergence between humanitarian operations...

The Sahel has some of the lowest levels of human capital worldwide, with children's future productivity and earning potential being on average sixty-five percent below their potential due to poor health and education outcomes. Early childhood, especially the first five years of life, is a...

This paper analyzes the current uptake of small-scale irrigation (SSI1), its profitability, and the constraints to its broader adoption in the Sahel using literature and survey data from Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal. Unlike most of the literature on irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa...

Germany was heavily involved in international crisis management in Mali for ten years, from 2013 to 2023. Important lessons can be drawn for effective and adaptive foreign and security policy, in particular concerning Germany’s internal structures and processes. Germany’s engagement in Mali...

This paper examines country and region-specific determinants of childhood undernutrition in the Sahel which, if integrated into nutrition action, could accelerate progress in the region. Additionally, this research includes the analysis of determinants that have not previously been examined...

On 16 September 2023, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger - all three states led by military regimes - decided to establish a new regional organisation, the Alliance of Sahel States (Alliance des Etats du Sahel - AES). This move was prompted by the worsening of the crisis within the Economic Community...

The employee rewards policy of any organization shapes behavior and work patterns, playing a significant role in organizational development. This is because such policies dictate the level of motivation necessary to achieve both individual and corporate objectives. The primary asset of any...

Investments in infrastructure are necessary to achieve the objective of Sustainable Development Goal2 (SDG2), which is to "end hunger, ensure food security and promote sustainable agriculture" and to also create jobs in the Sahel region, specifically in Niger and Côte d'Ivoire. A significant...

The Sahel region of Africa faces multiple crises, which further compound structural economic and human development challenges. The Sahel is one of the world's poorest regions and displays some of the lowest levels of human capital globally. Violence and insecurity in the Sahel have significantly...

This brief details the findings of research examining context specific determinants of growth faltering and childhood undernutrition in five Sahel countries - Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Senegal. Notably, this research underscores opportunities to strengthen nutrition action in the...

Cette note de politique présente des conseils fondés sur des faits probants en vue de la conception, la mise en œuvre et l’utilisation efficaces d’interventions avec des suppléments nutritionnels à base lipidique en petite quantité (Small-Quantity Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements –...

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are moving south towards the four countries of interest of this paper (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal and Togo). At the time of writing, all except Ghana have experienced direct jihadist...

Since his election in 2017, President Emmanuel Macron has tried to distance himself from established and widely criticised patterns of France's Africa policy. He diversified relations with Africa in regional and substantive terms, integrated non-state actors and cultivated a comparatively open...

Food loss is a critical issue in Africa, but investigation has mainly been limited to quantity loss. Economic losses are likely to be more significant but are widely ignored. Regarding ruminant-related losses, it remains challenging to identify the optimal harvest point. Focusing on Sahelian...

Shocks and seasonality may have profound effects on poor households' wellbeing, especially in contexts like the Sahel where livelihoods depend on rainfed agriculture and pastoralism. Understanding how seasonal variation affects Sahelian households is therefore essential for guiding policies that...

Conflict undermines development, while poverty, in turn, breeds conflict. Policy interventions such as cash transfers could lower engagement in conflict by raising poor households' welfare and productivity. However, cash transfers may also trigger appropriation or looting of cash or assets. The...