The government has established food reserves to support national food security; however, their volume varies widely across regions, and many districts still lack such reserves. The objectives of this study were to analyze the determination of volume and the problems in determining it, management...

In 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner proposed that America's Far Western frontier was an economic 'safety-valve,' a place where settlers migrated when European and eastern states' economic and social conditions crystallized against their upward mobility. However, Turner's hypothesis has come under...

We develop and estimate a dynamic model of household labor supply and SNAP participation that explains two empirical puzzles: incomplete program take-up despite substantial benefits, and minimal employment effects of SNAP work requirements despite the constraints they impose. Our model...

Modifying food from its raw state for convenience, durability, or palatability is a standard process that can range from fermentation to 3D-printed foods. The overall activity is typically referred to as "food processing". Moderately or minimally processed foods, which retain most of their raw...

A rigorous randomized controlled trial in Nigeria shows that integrated safety nets produce sustained improvements in nutrition and food security for poor households relative to a basic safety nets program, with effects lasting three years. Stunting rates among young children fall by 18 percent...

Food systems should be at the heart of Cambodia’s development, positively influencing health, economic growth, and climate resilience while creating food security. Yet current diets, dominated by large amounts of rice and excessive ultra-processed foods and sugar, are driving a triple burden...

This paper examines the effects of emergency food assistance on human mobility patterns between March and August of 2020. We study a large public-private initiative in Colombia, created to deliver food aid to one million households at risk of falling into poverty and previously not included in...

This paper investigates the relationship between piped water access and food consumption in Pakistan utilizing the nationally representative Household Integrated Economic Survey. Access to piped water reduces exposure to waterborne illness, improving health and labor productivity, which can...

This paper explores the link between poverty and food insecurity in Pakistan using household survey data and three measures of food insecurity-average calorie availability, minimum dietary energy requirement, and the perception-based Food Insecurity Experience Scale-at national, rural, and urban...

This brief proposes using an intersectoral approach to social protection in aquatic food systems as a means to improve food and nutrition security (FNS). It highlights the critical role of aquatic foods in global FNS and describes how Blue Social Protection can help maintain and enhance this,...

Malnutrition poses significant challenges to African food systems. Addressing these challenges requires synergistic strategies informed by a comprehensive understanding of consumers' food preferences and characteristics, which necessitates the identification of more homogeneous consumer groups....

Community supported agriculture (CSA) is a format for provisioning food, usually vegetables, where consumers are involved, to various degrees, in the production process. In this study of survey data, we explore differences between CSAs in Norway and the UK in terms of organisational models and...

Increasing blue foods production and consumption to reach its potential is critical for achieving food security and the eco-regionalization of the food system. Increasing blue food consumption requires a market approach with a focus on the availability, accessibility, market growth phases, and...

This report aims to summarize the third edition of the World Bank FAO Knowledge Session series, including the topics covered, the countries featured and the impact of the various sessions. The report is also an opportunity to summarize the case studies and actionable solutions gathered and...

To effectively address the interrelated crises of food insecurity, malnutrition, climate change and ecosystem degradation, there is growing recognition that one need to transform the agrifood systems to deliver safe and nutritious food as part of healthy diets for all, while conserving and...

Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing a nutrition transition from traditional diets to high-energy, processed foods, increasing non-communicable disease risks. Digitalization of food systems plays a significant role in shaping this transition. This paper investigates the...

This report proposes a framework in tagging nutrition expenditures of national government agencies. The framework was developed through exhaustive literature review and validation sessions with government agencies. It comprised of five levels (5) of classification elements namely: major...

We provide the first estimates of broad-based health transmission between parents and their young children in India. The correlations between maternal health and child health outcomes - such as anemia, stunting, and body mass index - are approximately 0.20. When aggregating these health measures...

There remains a lack of theoretical understanding regarding the effects of smart systems on people's eating habits. Furthermore, few empirical studies have comprehensively analyzed the impact of smart food systems on users, considering the users' environmental orientation. To address this gap,...

This study examines how SNAP participation may affect age-related cognitive decline among cognitively intact older adults over 10 years. Leveraging a longitudinal survey of SNAP-eligible participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) collected biennially from 2010 to 2020, we estimate the...

This study examines how SNAP participation may affect age-related cognitive decline among cognitively intact older adults over 10 years. Leveraging a longitudinal survey of SNAP-eligible participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) collected biennially from 2010 to 2020, we estimate the...

The study examines changes in household food security and identifies their key determinants in Zambia by comparing the pre-pandemic period to the COVID-19 pandemic period. Using nationally representative surveys from 2015 and 2021 and the coarsened exact matching (CEM) approach, 8650 households...

This guide identifies what makes a PFM system responsive to nutrition needs, and what actions can be taken to develop a reform program in a capacity constrained context. Across the stages in the budgetcycle it identifies basic requirements that are necessary for a nutrition responsive PFM reform...

Approximately 3.65 million hectares1 of peatlands and forest were cleared from the era of President Soeharto up to President Joko Widodo, primarily for the development of food estates. Another 3 million hectares of land are expected to be cleared to accommodate the food estate program during the...