This paper studies the impact of AI on productivity and inequality by focusing on the introduction of AlphaFold2. This AI algorithm can accurately predict protein structures, which were traditionally characterized by structural biologists through experiments. To capture the impact of AI on...

We study how performance metrics affect the allocation of talent. We exploit the introduction of a new measure of scientific performance: citation metrics. For technical reasons, the first citation database only covered citations from certain journals and years. Thus, only a subset of citations...

Foreign-educated researchers who cross national borders for training can play an important role in contributing to research in their country of origin. Relying on a unique dataset of Colombian researchers, our study explores how researchers with Ph.D. training abroad affect the performance of...

The infographics present main findings from the report, Academic Staff in Europe. These findings are based on an analysis of academic employment trends and policy measures across 38 education systems in Europe. The report includes the EU 27 Member States as well as Albania, Bosnia and...

Academically trained scientists play a pivotal role in innovation by advancing the knowledge frontier across industries, prompting firms to increasingly engage in proactive recruitment. This paper investigates academic scientists' career transitions into industry by jointly examining two often...

Equality in research and innovation (R&I) is a core value of the European Union, essential for fostering excellence, diversity, and inclusiveness. The She Figures publication is the European Commission's flagship report monitoring gender equality in R&I across Europe and beyond. In line with...

The She Figures 2024 Policy Report complements the She Figures 2024 main study by providing an in-depth analysis of key issues relating to gender equality in research and innovation (R&I). While the main study presents comprehensive gender statistics in R&I, the Policy Report expands on these...

The She Figures Handbook (2024) provides methodological guidance on the calculation of indicators included in the She Figures 2024 publication. It is intended to strengthen the capacity of stakeholders to systematically produce meaningful, systematic data on gender in research and innovation....

Equality in research and innovation (R&I) is a core value of the European Union, essential for fostering excellence, diversity, and inclusiveness. The She Figures publication is the European Commission's flagship report monitoring gender equality in R&I across Europe and beyond. In line with...

This thematic report illustrates how diverse policy and legal measures (including incentives to implement the European Charter for Researchers) can enhance the attractiveness of research careers by balancing national policy direction with institutional autonomy. It explores a range of reforms...

Reviews of migration theories start from more classical and deterministic views and follow with more recent developments that consider networks, cumulative causation, planned behaviour, agency, and aspiration/capability frameworks. One of the less discussed dimensions is gender differences in...

We use a rigorous three-stage many-analysts design to assess how different researcher decisions-specifically data cleaning, research design, and the interpretation of a policy question-affect the variation in estimated treatment effects. A total of 146 research teams each completed the same...

This thematic report has been prepared in the context of the Mutual Learning Exercise (MLE) on Research Careers. The report focuses on the topic of Skills and Intersectoral, Interdisciplinary, and Interoperable Careers and is based on a survey sent to the 16 participating countries in the MLE in...

Much of academic research has been criticized for not being socially useful. Governments sometimes only fund research on particular social issues (e.g., vaccines, renewable energy, electric vehicles). In other cases, they fund research on topics that are independently chosen by scholars. I...