This paper studies the impact of AI on productivity and inequality by focusing on the introduction of AlphaFold2. This AI algorithm can accurately predict protein structures, which were traditionally characterized by structural biologists through experiments. To capture the impact of AI on...

We study how faculty promotion decisions shape women's careers and the academic pipeline, using data from 4,000 Spanish university departments across all disciplines. We identify exogenous variation in promotions using the random assignment of evaluators to promotion committees between 2002 and...

In perfectly competitive academic and idea markets, a divide emerges between elite scientists and the rest. The elite publish original, impactful work, while others - absurd heroes - struggle for recognition, often in vain. Though the original ideas game produces an equilibrium resembling...

We study how performance metrics affect the allocation of talent. We exploit the introduction of a new measure of scientific performance: citation metrics. For technical reasons, the first citation database only covered citations from certain journals and years. Thus, only a subset of citations...

The infographics present main findings from the report, Academic Staff in Europe. These findings are based on an analysis of academic employment trends and policy measures across 38 education systems in Europe. The report includes the EU 27 Member States as well as Albania, Bosnia and...

Equality in research and innovation (R&I) is a core value of the European Union, essential for fostering excellence, diversity, and inclusiveness. The She Figures publication is the European Commission's flagship report monitoring gender equality in R&I across Europe and beyond. In line with...

This thematic report illustrates how diverse policy and legal measures (including incentives to implement the European Charter for Researchers) can enhance the attractiveness of research careers by balancing national policy direction with institutional autonomy. It explores a range of reforms...

Reviews of migration theories start from more classical and deterministic views and follow with more recent developments that consider networks, cumulative causation, planned behaviour, agency, and aspiration/capability frameworks. One of the less discussed dimensions is gender differences in...

We use a rigorous three-stage many-analysts design to assess how different researcher decisions-specifically data cleaning, research design, and the interpretation of a policy question-affect the variation in estimated treatment effects. A total of 146 research teams each completed the same...

This thematic report has been prepared in the context of the Mutual Learning Exercise (MLE) on Research Careers. The report focuses on the topic of Skills and Intersectoral, Interdisciplinary, and Interoperable Careers and is based on a survey sent to the 16 participating countries in the MLE in...

As social media becomes prominent within academia, we examine its reputational costs for academics. Analyzing Twitter posts from 98,000 scientists (2016-22), we uncover substantial political expression. Online experiments with 4,000 U.S. respondents and 135 journalists, rating synthetic academic...

Much of academic research has been criticized for not being socially useful. Governments sometimes only fund research on particular social issues (e.g., vaccines, renewable energy, electric vehicles). In other cases, they fund research on topics that are independently chosen by scholars. I...

Much of academic research has been criticized for not being socially useful. Governments sometimes only fund research on particular social issues (e.g., vaccines, renewable energy, electric vehicles). In other cases, they fund research on topics that are independently chosen by scholars. I...