This paper explores the methods of payments for companies engaged in mergers or acquisitions, focusing on the Spanish market from 2007 to 2019, specifically on transformative transactions. We use a novel approach to build a sample of homogeneous corporate transactions that allows us to measure...

Most firms aspire to longevity, yet only a minority survive more than their initial years. Unsurprisingly, then, business survival has long attracted the interest of many academics. The various factors thought to influence business longevity have generated multiple studies on ownership status,...

Official Spanish birth registry data report sex ratios well above expected levels between 1975 and 2000, peaking at 109 boys per 100 girls in the early 1980s, the highest in the world at that time. Prior research has attributed these elevated ratios to factors such as maternal age, birth order,...

Vaccine hesitancy is a crucial public health issue worldwide. In this paper, we evaluate the causal impact of a vaccination-based access restriction policy on vaccine uptake by exploiting the introduction of the EU Digital COVID-19 Certificate at the country level. We compare two countries,...

This working paper examines the processes by which third-country nationals can acquire Spanish or Polish citizenship. While both European Union countries provide expedited pathways for specific groups, these groups, the particular citizenship requirements, and the scale of naturalisation vary...

Brain drain, the emigration of highly skilled workers, is both a pressing policy issue and a cultural frame for examining how societies negotiate belonging, loss, and opportunity. Using data from X (formerly known as Twitter) across English, Spanish, and Italian debates, this study examines...

Purpose: This study analyses the impact of lean tools on environmental performance and examines whether combining them with green practices can generate positive synergies.Design/methodology/approach: Using data collected in the 2022 European Manufacturing Survey of Spanish manufacturing...

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the status of implementation of 13 sustainability initiatives that impact road freight performance.Design/methodology/approach: Through an empirical analysis with information collected from surveys carried out on 368 Spanish road transport...

This study explores the determinants of business survival in Spain's tropical and subtropical fruit sector from 2006 to 2021. Using data from the Iberian Financial Statements Analysis System, and applying survival analysis techniques including Cox regression, we assess the effects of factors...

We examine whether restricting temporary contracts increases firms' investment in worker training, exploiting Spain's 2022 labour market reform. Using 3.1 million online job postings from 2018 to 2024, we implement a difference-in-differences design that leverages pre-reform variation in...

We examine whether restricting temporary contracts increases firms' investment in worker training, exploiting Spain's 2022 labour market reform. Using 3.1 million online job postings from 2018 to 2024, we implement a difference-in-differences design that leverages prereform variation in reliance...

This working paper examines the processes by which third-country nationals can acquire Spanish or Polish citizenship. While both European Union countries provide expedited pathways for specific groups, these groups, the particular citizenship requirements, and the scale of naturalisation vary...

Purpose: Following the Great Recession and in response to EU pressures, Spain initiated processes to adopt or expand Dual VET, beginning with the approval of Royal Decree 1529/2012. This decree established the legal framework for Dual VET and granted Autonomous Communities the authority to...

This report presents the construction and analysis of a Multidimensional Index (MDI) of Well-Being across four European countries ─ Sweden, Germany, Spain, and Poland ─ using EU-SILC cross-sectional survey data spanning 2004-2024. Based on the OECD well-being framework, the analysis covers...

This paper presents the results of a field experiment aimed at reducing the gender bias in teaching evaluations at a higher education institution. In the intervention, before they completed the teaching evaluation questionnaire, students were individually randomized in three groups. One third...

This study examines the impact of increasing the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (from 16 to 18 years old) on the academic performance, substance use, and peer behaviours of teenagers. Using a difference-in-discontinuities design, we exploit regional MLDA reforms in Spain and PISA data to identify...

This study examines the impact of increasing the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (from 16 to 18 years old) on the academic performance, substance use, and peer behaviours of teenagers. Using a difference-in-discontinuities design, we exploit regional MLDA reforms in Spain and PISA data to identify...

Active transparency is developed through the provision of information by public administrations. However, for this information to be reusable, it must be offered through free licenses and open formats, two characteristics present in open data. This paper aims to investigate the disclosure of...

For decades, the word ‘fascist’ existed solely as a hyperbole — a term meant to insult rather than describe. But lately, politics have grown so hyperbolic that the label looks increasingly sincere. For example, when a powerful man advocates far-right politics and brazenly performs Nazi...

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine marked the start of a prolonged confrontation between Moscow and Europe - one that is fundamentally reshaping the parameters of European security. The return of Donald Trump to the White House and his stated intent to quickly end the war in Ukraine and put...

This paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish hotel activity to establish whether it has had temporary or permanent effects. The empirical investigation is based on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. For the former, data from Google Trends and the Spanish...

Purpose - In the current context of change, leadership is significant in developing employees' commitment to change. In this work, the authors analysed the relationship between inclusive leadership and commitment to change and the mediating effect of job satisfaction between inclusive leadership...

Using the 2014 – 2021 waves of Spain's ICT-H household panel, we track Internet trust for 59,648 internet users across 130,013 person-year observations. A correlated random-effects ordered-probit model shows that improvements in digital skills and first-hand use of transactional services are...

This paper studies how the interplay between the cycle and firm-specific characteristics (firm size and exporting activities) shapes firms' choice between exploratory and exploitative innovation investments. We analyze the PITEC database, a panel of Spanish firms in manufacturing and service...

This research article analyses the situation in the labour markets in Germany and Spain using a comparative study to identify differences in job security and stability and the possibility of working from home. The study is based on data from statistical sources provided by Eurofound (2024) with...

The rapid growth of e-Commerce in Latin America, driven by the increase in digital adoption among younger generations and accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has reshaped how businesses engage with consumers. In Peru alone, the number of online shoppers increased by 131% between 2019 and 2021....

This study analyses how brands' content marketing strategies on social networks influence electronic word of mouth (eWOM), a major predictor of business success that reflects consumer engagement and shapes behaviours such as increased purchase intention, willingness to pay more, reduced...

As sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility gained increasing importance in agriculture, several impact assessment methodologies have been proposed. Social Return on Investment (SROI), a methodology used for understanding, measuring, and reporting the social, economic, and...

Spanish society is plural and has experienced substantive transformations in recent decades. Some respond to global megatrends (e.g., demographic imbalances and ageing population1 or changes in consumption patterns); others are the result of coping with conjuncture phenomena such as economic...

The Floods Directive (FD) established a framework for flood risk management. It foresees 6-yearly cycles aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences associated with floods in the European Union (EU). The first cycle covered the period 2010-15. The second cycle covers the period 2016-21....