The COVID-19 pandemic swept fans out of the stadiums, but matches continued to be played in most major football leagues. We make use of this natural experiment to investigate if home field advantage disappears when the home team is not supported by the fans. Focusing on four top European...

Like many professional sports leagues worldwide, the National Basketball Association is organized as a cooperative of team owners. We argue that league ownership structures must balance two types of transaction costs: the costs of contracting with stakeholders of the league, importantly players,...

Forecasting the number of Olympic medals for each nation is highly relevant for different stakeholders: Ex ante, sports betting companies can determine the odds while sponsors and media companies can allocate their resources to promising teams. Ex post, sports politicians and managers can...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an interruption in Brazilian soccer in 2020. Since early July, the presence of fans at stadiums was strictly forbidden by law. The literature states that crowds' pressure could result in a referee's bias against the away team and increase the home team's pressure to...

We analyze attendance of professional football matches in England finding that it is related to unemployment over a very long period of time. More unemployment leads to lower attendances. Distinguishing between leagues, we find that the relationship is larger for lower leagues, i.e. attendance...

Sporting events can be seen as controlled, real-world, miniature laboratory environments, approaching the idea of "holding other things equal" when exploring the implications of decisions, incentives, and constraints in a competitive setting (Goff and Tollison 1990, Torgler 2009). Thus, a...

The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us to live in social isolation and has brought an important element of social life, the events industry, to a complete standstill. In resurrecting the events industry, the most urgent focus is on managing the risk of any crowd-control measures with a view to...

We conducted an audit experiment to examine whether street vendors in Bogotá (Colombia) exert price discrimination based on buyers' attributes, such as gender and nationality, and based on product characteristics, such as the increasing marginal valuation of items needed to complete a...

There are many studies on the determinants of visitor spending at sport events. However, few studiesinvestigate the effect of satisfaction on spending and even fewer relate this to visitor expectations. Thepresent study examines the case of the World Ski Championships 2015 which were held in...

Mega-events have different types of effects for host cities or countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact indicators of the Formula 1 Grand Prix in Baku, Azerbaijan from the perspective of tourism stakeholders and to investigate the effects of these impacts on the urban...

Product advertising captures the attention not only of consumers but also of investors. Constructing a measure of local investment interest in stocks from Google searches and using the Super Bowl as an experiment, we study the effects of advertising expenses on investor attention. We find that...

Sponsorships worldwide have been on the rise. The rising fees make sponsorships an expensive proposition for companies. Companies that cannot afford to buy sponsorship may be inclined towards an ‘ambush' tactic for both; defensive as well as offensive reasons. The paper analyses in detail the...

This article aims to study the link between Twitter announces and stock prices of sport companies. Information extraction based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) allows to assess quickly and in a structured manner data from news, tweets, etc. Sentiment analysis provides an additional feature...

The aim of this study is to analyse residents' perception of the social impact of the Formula E Grand Prix of Santiago de Chile. A sample of 414 residents was collected through a questionnaire made up of 46 items regarding possible positive and negative impacts. Descriptive analysis,...

This paper studies the effects of hosting Olympic Games on the regional economy in the short and long run. For identification, runners-up in the Olympic bidding process are used to construct the counterfactual for Olympic host regions. In the short run, hosting Summer Olympics boosts regional...

Problem Definition: We develop a framework to study purchase behavior from distinct segments of heterogeneous customers, and to optimize prices for different policies in a sports ticket market with multiplesales channels.Academic/Practical Relevance: Sports teams face challenges maintaining or...

This study uses data from elite-level European football matches and panel data methods to suggest how people responded to the initial COVID-19 outbreak. In Italy, England and Germany, stadium attendances were negatively affected by the previous day's newly confirmed domestic cases or deaths. In...

Part I: Introduction℗ 1℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ Introduction: Sport, Brexit and the Regulatory Role of the European Union℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ Jacob Kornbeck2℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ ℗ European (Dis-)Integration Theories, Brexit and Sport: A Double...

We provide the first analysis of racial in-group bias in Type-I and Type-II errors. Using player-referee matched data from NBA games we show that there is no overall racial bias or in-group bias in foul calls made by referees. Similarly, there is no racial bias or in-group bias in Type-I errors...

Hosting the Olympic Games costs billions of taxpayer dollars. Following a quasi- experimental setting, this paper assesses the intangible impact of the London 2012 Olympics, using a novel panel of 26,000 residents in London, Paris, and Berlin during the summers of 2011, 2012, and 2013. We show...

This paper studies the effects of hosting Olympic Games on the regional economy in the short- and long-run. For identification, runners-up in the Olympic bidding process are used to construct the counterfactual for Olympic host regions. In the short-run, hosting Summer Olympics boosts regional...

This study examines whether a company’s sports sponsorship plays a buffering role that mitigates negative consumer perceptions of the company or its brands. The study highlights the necessity of examining how congruence between a sports event and a sponsoring brand is related to brand image or...