Information security (INFOSEC) seeks to integrate previously distinct disciplines such as: employee security, computer security, communications security and operational security. It is ensured by an appropriate set of controls, which can be principles, practices, procedures, organizational...

Standards often require the use of patented technologies. Holders of standard-essential patents (SEPs) typically commit to make their patents available on "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" (FRAND) terms. National competition authorities increasingly intervene against perceived FRAND...

The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards recognizes teachers who meet performance standards for "accomplished" educators. States and districts provide support for teachers to obtain this certification, which is considered an honor in the field. Using high school data from Chicago...

We study incumbency advantage in markets with positive consumption externalities. Users of an incumbent platform receive stochastic opportunities to migrate to an entrant. They can accept a migration opportunity or wait for a future opportunity. In some circumstances, users have incentives to...

The paper explores how business continuity management (BCM) is defined within the professional and academic communities that work in the field or research it. It sets out the framework for the composing elements of a BCM that emerge and considers how these various elements can interact with each...

A pandemic is not only a biological event and a public health disaster, but it also generates impacts that are worth understanding from a societal, historical, and cultural perspective.In this contribution, we argue that as the disease spreads, we are able to harness a valuable key resource,...

Das vorliegende Dokument wurde im Rahmen des Netzwerks "Verbund Forschungsdaten Bildung" entwickelt und bietet eine Zusammenstellung von Formulierungsbeispielen für Nutzungsbedingungen für Forschungsdatenzentren. In Nutzungsbedingungen werden die Rechte und Pflichten der Datennutzenden sowie...

By 2050, the European Union aims to become climate neutral. The achievement of this goal will require, among others, a massive boost in energy efficiency. Companies and other organizations can make a significant contribution to climate protection through systematic and long-term energy...

GlobalG.A.P. compliance has often become a key requirement for farmers to access high-value global markets. Yet, the global spread of certification is highly uneven among countries. We assess the drivers and dynamics behind these unequal patterns, applying panel data regressions. Findings show...

Global data standards are urgently needed to foster digital cooperation and manage global tech platforms. No global organization is currently mandated to coordinate the development, maintenance and use of technical standards covering data value chains and policy-oriented standards covering data...

Standardization reduces complexity and increases predictability in a global supply chain. This predictability can be exploited for capacity management and resource allocation to meet client demands and achieve cost expectations. On this foundation of predictability a supply chain can expand,...

Research on solar energy systems and materials has yielded promising opportunities for sustainable energy solutions, which do not only consider environmental issues but also allow aesthetic design possibilities. New requirements regarding the energy efficiency performance of buildings gave the...

The knowledge from external sources has been recognized as critical for improving the capabilities of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to be competitive on the global market. The aim of this paper is to explore main factors which affect SMEs' choice of a dominant source for acquiring...

Asymmetric information is a classic example of market failure that undermines the efficiency associated with perfectly competitive market outcomes: the "lemons" market. Credible certification, that substantiates unobservable characteristics of products that consumers value, is often considered a...

Machine generated contents note: Introduction; 1. The rise of transnational hybrid authority: a primer; 2. Service offshoring: the new frontier of globalisation; 3. Standards as regulation; 4. Doubling security: prudential standards for insurance regulation; 5. Standards to create new insurance...