Da die Beamtenpopulation deutlich älter als die Gesamtbevölkerung ist, gehen die kohortenstarken Jahrgänge bereits in den Ruhestand. Allein in den letzten 10 Jahren haben sich die jährlichen Versorgungsausgaben der Gebietskörperschaften um 50 Prozent erhöht, wovon insbesondere die...

Neben den eigenen Steuereinnahmen bestimmt der kommunale Finanzausgleich die finanzielle Situation der Gemeinden. Die Finanzzuweisungen des Landes erhöhen die Finanzkraft der kommunalen Ebene und bewirken eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung unter den Gemeinden. Der Beitrag analysiert den Einfluss...

The social impact of sanitation is multifaceted. It has repercussions for health, education, and the local environment, as well as overall human development and economic growth. Unsafe sanitation poses environmental and health risks. In light of the health hazards, the Government of India has...

The Covid-19 pandemic led to extensive new government regulations and lockdown policies that significantly reduced economic freedom across U.S. states. Many of these new pandemic-related regulatory restrictions on economic freedom varied significantly from state to state but are largely missed...

Für die Entwicklung des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland ist die Metall- und Elektrobranche von zentraler Bedeutung. Sie leistet wichtige Beiträge im Bereich Wertschöpfung, Produktion und Beschäftigung. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Forschungs-, Entwicklungs- und Innovationstätigkeit für die...

Während die Staatsangehörigkeit bei Erwachsenen nur wenig über den Stand der Integration aussagt, ist sie bei Kindern ein guter Indikator für eine nur kurz zurückliegende Migrationsgeschichte. So erhalten seit der Reform des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts im Jahr 2000 alle in Deutschland zur...

Authored by the University of Cambridge SupTech Lab, the State of SupTech Report 2022 presents insights on the current state of the digital transformation of financial supervision based on engagement with 146 supervisory agencies globally, including: i) Suptech demand from financial authorities,...

The current US oil and gas boom is injecting labour, capital and revenue into communities near reserves. Will these communities be cursed with lower long‐run incomes in the wake of the boom? We study the oil boom‐and‐bust cycle of the 1970s and 1980s to gain insights. Using annual data on...

Am 22. Juni beginnen in Nordrhein-Westfalen die Sommerferien. Wie jedes Jahr werden dann Viele mit dem Pkw in den Urlaub fahren und aus diesem Grund werden die Preise für Benzin und Diesel regelmäßig ein heißes Sommerthema. Die gute Nachricht ist, dass Diesel deutschlandweit Mitte Juni 2023...

We develop a six-factor ranking of U.S. state high points. While this index is significantly associated with fewer ascents, only one of the six factors drives that result. Technical difficulty is the only measure of high point difficulty that significantly discourages summits. Climbers seem...

During the recent times, the social nature of a corporation has become a heavily debated topic. Corporations gained a predominant position in the society due to the advent of the era of consumerism and digitalization. Given the overarching status that corporations hold in the society, it became...

We use a quantitative economic geography model to explore subsidy competition among U.S. states. We ask what motivates state governments to subsidize firm relocations and quantify how strong their incentives are. We also characterize fully non-cooperative and cooperative subsidy choices and...

Throughout history, governments have engaged in exchange with private actors. Recent work has documented the prevalence of opportunism in a number of government bounty schemes, exploring how private entrepreneurs may rook the state and hence undermine the stated aims of these programs. We draw...

Based on the census report of 2011, we study the socioeconomic factors that might influence various types of crime that take place in various provinces of India. The NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) data reflects that incidence of all categories of crime, considered in this analysis, have...

Using unit-level data from various rounds of the Employment and Unemployment Survey of the National Sample Survey Organisation, we present the first consistent time series of average real farm income per cultivator for 18 major Indian states for 1987-88, 1993-94, 1999-00, 2004-05, 2007-08,...

In this study, we contribute to the evaluation of the performance of the German science and research system by analyzing the dynamics of transnational patent filings of German inventors in an international comparison over the past 20 years. Besides country-specific analyses, we further...

In first of its kind, this study evaluates socio -economic impacts of two ambitious decarbonisation pathways for India (i) aligned with India's Nationally Determined Commitments (NDC) negotiated through Paris agreement in 2015 and (ii) more ambitious NDC plus decarbonisation trajectory aligned...

This paper measures trends in factor misallocation in India between 1999 and 2014, using data from a rich panel of Indian firms. The misallocation of a factor is modeled as an adjustment cost, that is, an implicit variable cost incurred by a firm when using that factor. Trends in the adjustment...

We quantify and study state-level economic policy uncertainty. Tapping digital archives for nearly 3,500 local newspapers, we construct three monthly indexes for each state: one that captures state and local sources of policy uncertainty (ΕPU-S), one that captures national and international...

I document a new empirical pattern of internal mobility in the United States. Namely, county-to-county migration and commuting drop off discretely at state borders. People are three times as likely to move to a county 15 miles away, but in the same state, than to move to an equally distant...