Due to the enlargement of market dimensions and increasing competition at the global level, due to significant enhancement of technology, e-commerce platforms, and comparative product analysis are just one click away, so, the market players are coming together to make their products...

The private label products market is expanding day by day, and the decisions and applications made in this market have become important for retailers, national producers, and consumers. Consumers prefer private label products from retailers that they trust and perceive of high quality. Despite...

This paper investigates the implications of vertical integration with private labels in the marketplace model opposed to the classic wholesale model. Differently from classic retailers, on a marketplace firms set end-consumer prices and the intermediary collects fees. When introducing a...

We study how the introduction of private-label brands (PLs) affects retailers' prices, demand, and profits, explicitly accounting for assortment adjustments of national brands (NBs) in retail stores. Using a detailed dataset on the U.S. beef market, we find that, when PLs are added to the...

Problem Definition: We explore the impacts of store brand (SB) introduction on multilateral contracting in vertical supply relationships that involve two upstream national brand manufacturers (NBMs) selling through a common retailer. Two different information structures are scrutinized:...

This paper explores private labels in the context of Croatia, as a representative of a CEE and EU member countries, where their importance is continuously growing. It aims to reveal whether consumers' psychographic characteristics impact their attitudes towards private labels, which are in the...

In this paper, we analyze the strategic role of the recent introduction of national brand products by hard discounters in the French market and its impact both at the retail and manufacturer levels. We use a structural econometric model of vertical relationships that takes into account the...

We are labeled "consumers." Our product-related activities are referred to as "consumption." We are told that we "live in a 'consumer society' with a consumer culture."" So it's perhaps unsurprising that the term "consumer" is used constantly, reflexively, and unconsciously, to refer to...

The consolidation of retailers across markets has considerably altered the competitive dynamics between leading brand manufacturers and retailers. The era in which brand manufacturers dictate the game to compliant retailers is long gone. Nowadays, with more equal negotiation power retailers are...

As manufacturers often sell their products through retailers, many manufacturer cartels directly affect retailers, who are, at least in Europe, also increasingly claiming damages. This paper points to an, to our knowledge, hitherto unexplored aspect in such cases. As store brands (or private...

When manufacturers collude to raise wholesale prices for national brands, the input prices of store brands may not be directly affected, either as they are procured competitively from different sources or as retailers are vertically integrated. In this article we explore both conceptually and...

Nowadays, private labeling has become a widely implemented strategy by modern market retailers. Retailers such as supermarkets and hypermarkets have superior supply chain in the country that they begin to extend their brand and make their own products, which is called private brand. The growth...

Mattel's Barbie doll is more than just a trademarked toy produced for child consumption-Barbie has entered public discourse and taken on a life of her own as a cultural phenomenon. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has referred to Mattel's Barbie doll as "possibly the most famous toy in...

This Article examines the relationship between private environmental governance and trademark law. Over the past two decades, green trademarks and other forms of private governance have flourished in tandem with the retreat from national and international public law modalities of environmental...

This proceedings volume highlights the latest research presented at the 8th International Conference on Research on National Brand & Private Label Marketing (NB&PL2021). The topics covered include: retailing, private label portfolio and assortment management, marketing of premium store brands,...