The magnitude of returns to colonial-era investments in Africa has been addressed in an extensive literature, as have the nature and legacies of extractive colonial institutions. However, the link between these institutions and the profitability of firms remains unclear. We reconstruct the...

We empirically assess the effect of historical slavery on the African American family structure. Our hypothesis is that female single headship among blacks is more likely to emerge in association not with slavery per se, but with slavery in sugar plantations, since the extreme demographic and...

We empirically assess the effect of historical slavery on the African American family structure. Our hypothesis is that female single headship among blacks is more likely to emerge in association not with slavery per se, but with slavery in sugar plantations, since the extreme demographic and...

We empirically assess the effect of historical slavery on the African American family structure. Our hypothesis is that female single headship among blacks is more likely to emerge in association not with slavery per se, but with slavery in sugar plantations, since the extreme demographic and...

The magnitude of returns to colonial-era investments in Africa has been addressed in an extensive literature, as have the nature and legacies of extractive colonial institutions. However, the link between these institutions and the profitability of firms remains unclear. We reconstruct the...

This paper provides a new foundation of soft drink taxation. We abstract from externalities and internalities previously used to justify such taxation and, instead, emphasize that neither explicit nor implicit markets and prices for sugar content can be expected to emerge. Hence, in the absence...

This paper uses a Bertrand duopoly model application and derives a high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) price reaction function that shows the response of the price of HFCS to changes in the price of sugar. It conducts cointegration analysis and assesses the performance of the HFCS price reaction...

In observing British pound spot prices and European sugar import prices over the 2004–2016 period, an unusually strong currency-commodity correlation is detected and statistically validated. This correlation is the result of a single firm dominating European refining, effectively fixing the...

We estimate the effect of the tax of one Mexican peso (MP) per liter of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), implemented since January 2014, on consumer and producer outcomes in urban Mexico. We also simulate the effect of the recommended tax of two MP per liter of SSB. Based on purchase data from...

Brands seeking to achieve reduced sugar content in their products generally adjust their product line to include products (i) with lower sugar content, which decreases the brand’s relative sugar content, or introduce (ii) smaller package sizes, which lowers its sugar content per package. Such...

Enzymatic hydrolysis is considered to be a restricted step for lignocellulosic bioethanol production at an industrial scale for its high production costs and low efficiency. In this study, a microreactor loaded with cellulase based on co-deposition of dopamine (DA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)...

Sugar production is often associated with higher levels of economic inequality, particularly when taking place under colonial extractive institutions. Colonial Java is an illuminating case where the reverse was true. This paper presents detailed district-level data to suggest that, due to the...

This paper provides a new foundation of soft drink taxation. We abstract from externalities and internalities previously used to justify such taxation and, instead, emphasize that neither explicit nor implicit markets and prices for sugar content can be expected to emerge. Hence, in the absence...

Background: studies have shown that one potential cause of obesity is excessive sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption; and its health harm is not often fully accounted for when people are making consumption decisions. Objective: to measure the monetary value of harm from excessive SSB...

The research where executed in 2021, at the Turda Agricultural Development Research Station, using the Vangelis sugar beet cultivar and followed the influence of Terracalco 95 soil amendments on physiological parameters and production at different stages of crop development. The granular soil...

Sugary drinks taxes have been implemented around the world and governments around the world are considering extending these taxes to address concerns about rising obesity. We demonstrate the range of impacts a tax on added sugar and salt could have on purchases of food at home and out of the...

This study evaluates the effects of the 2018 UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy on soft drinks prices, sales, reformulation activities, and consequently calories consumed. We combine novel electronic point of sale data that cover most of the UK soft drinks market with longitudinal nutritional...

In the EU, the 2017/18 sugar marketing year (MY) was the first with no production quota and most of the price support gone. The Uruguay round restrictions on sugar exports were also not binding anymore, making the EU a net exporter. In MY2018/19 the EU turned back into a net importer as domestic...

This paper uses an application of the Bertrand model to explain the relationship between HFCS deliveries and the prices of HFCS-42 and sugar. It finds that the HFCS deliveries and the prices of HFCS-42 and refined sugar are cointegrated over the period 1994:q1-2020:q1. The main results, based on...

Background: In the U.S., there are income disparities in SSB consumption where lower incomes consume more SSBs. Evidence is limited on whether controlling for price promotions and shopping behaviors would help explain / attenuate the relationship between income and SSB consumption. Alternately,...

Soda taxes are being implemented in several cities across the US with the aim of reducing sugar intake from sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs). Sugar is linked to obesity and to higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, and sodas as the main source are targeted with these taxes. In...

A government clamp-down on sugar would be damaging and unnecessaryGovernment intervention in the market can only be justified if there is a market failure and if government action will make a positive difference. This paper looks at several potential failures in the sugar market. These include...

In March 2016, George Osborne announced a ‘sugar levy’ on soft drink companies to start in April 2018. Under this policy, companies will be taxed on sales of medium and high sugar drinks (excluding fruit juice and milk-based drinks). As an anti-obesity policy, the sugar levy seems arbitrary....

Taxing food and soft drinks in the name of obesity is not a new idea. Dozens of jurisdictions have experimented with such taxes over the years, allowing economists to study their impact. The results have consistently showed the following: demand for sugary drinks, snacks and fatty foods is...

The sugar industry is a major provider of jobs and income for sugar-exporting countries in Africa. The lower sugar prices that were caused by the recent liberalisation of the EU sugar market may not only jeopardise economic development in those countries, but the reforms also create difficulties...