The authors use FUND 3.9 to estimate the social cost of four greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and sulphur hexafluoride-with sensitivity tests for carbon dioxide fertilization, terrestrial feedbacks, climate sensitivity, discounting, equity weighting, and socioeconomic and...

In our analytical general equilibrium model where two polluting inputs can be substitutes or complements in production, we study the effects of a tax on one pollutant in two cases: one where both pollutants face taxes and the second where the other pollutant is subject to a permit policy. In...

The introduction of the U.S. SO2 allowance-trading program to address the threat of acid rain as part of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 is a landmark event in the history of environmental regulation. The program was a great success by almost all measures. This paper, which draws upon a...

Total sulfur data of various agricultural and food items from the lab of the author, have been compiled to develop an understanding of sulfur levels and ecological cycling in Austria. As sulfur level is not an included factor among the quality criteria of soil and fertilizer composition, the...

World over large reserves of low grade coals are available. The use of low-grade coal in various industries like power plants, metallurgical plants, cement units, etc. creates environmental pollution because of generation of large amount of solid and gaseous pollutants. Therefore, it is of...

This research attempts to explain the large differences in the early diffusion of the mafia across different areas of Sicily. We advance the hypothesis that, after the demise of Sicilian feudalism, the lack of publicly provided property-right protection from widespread banditry favored the...

An ilmenite oxygen carrier was tested in a laboratory scale chemical-looping reactor with a nominal thermal capacity of 300Wth. Ilmenite is a mineral iron–titanium oxide, which has been used extensively as an oxygen carrier in chemical-looping combustion. Two different kinds of fuels were...

This study concerns the distribution of sulfur species during the gasification of non-woody biomass. Experiments were carried out in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier using air and steam as oxidizing agents. Based on RSM (response surface methodology), the study investigated three operating...

Acknowledgements: Elbert Dijkgraaf for providing the data used in their paper.

Deposit samples for eight coals were collected on stainless steel probes in reducing and oxidizing regions of a 160kWth, down-fired, pulverized coal reactor. Firing conditions in the reactor and probe temperatures were controlled to simulate an industrial furnace operating on an advanced...

The Appalachian Clean Coal Technology Consortium (ACCTC) has been established to help U.S. Coal producers, particularly those in the Appalachian region, increase the production of lower-sulfur coal. The cooperative research conducted as part of the consortium activities will help utilities meet...

The Reutter/Wade analysis (Reutter and Wade 1994) was undertaken to improve the technical basis for assessing battlefield casualties from deployment of chemical weapons containing nerve and sulfur mustard agent payloads. The analysis sought to utilize available data and modern, accepted,...

The Gulf of Guinea's tremendous potential is creating investment opportunities for the region. Some of its resources, such as oil, minerals, and forests, continue to attract significant investments whereas others, like natural gas, could be exploited to their full potential if necessary...

The electronic structure of H2S adsorbed on the goethite (110) surface has been studied by ASED-MO cluster calculations. We have studied both the perpendicular and the parallel H2S molecular adsorption on the FeOOH(110) surface. We have analyzed the adsorption configuration energies including...

This paper examines the relative merits of two dominant economic instruments for reducing pollution—”green” taxes and tradable permits. Theoretically, the two instruments share many similarities, and on balance, neither seems preferable to the other. In practice, however, most countries...

The electronic structure of S adsorption on goethite (110) surface has been studied by ASED-MO cluster calculations. For S location, the most exposed surface atoms of goethite surface were selected. The calculations show that the surface offers several places for S adsorption. The most...

Two Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) projects in the mid-1980s (Projects 8328 and 8804) funded research at the University of New England to help better understand and improve phosphorus and sulfur management in tropical agricultural systems. As tropical...

The pressure–temperature phase diagrams of Se and S are calculated. Both melting and polymorphous phase transitions are described in the frames of statistical Patashinski model. The results are in good agreement with experimental data of Brazhkin et al.

There has been considerable controversy over the empirical significance of the theoretically predicted pollution haven hypothesis. Generally, empirical papers have failed to find an effect on industrial location of weaker or stricter environmental regulations. In this paper we find confirmation...

How to implement emission trading is one question in the current negotiations on a new sulfur protocol in Europe. Whereas the current protocol stipulates a 30 percent uniform reduction, national emission ceilings included in the proposed new protocol imply differentiated reductions. In addition,...

This paper explores the analytical and empirical properties of a new method for emission trading according to a fixed exchange rate. The exchange rate is based on the ratios of the marginal costs of abatement in the optimal solution in order to account for the impact of the location of emission...