La trajectoire économique du Togo au cours des dernières années a été caractérisée à la fois par des performances solides et par l'émergence de nouvelles vulnérabilités. Ce rapport portant sur les perspectives économiques du Togo met en lumière l'urgence de mettre en œuvre des...

Innovations in big data and algorithms are enabling new approaches to target interventions at scale. We compare the accuracy of three different systems for identifying the poor to receive benefit transfers - proxy means-testing, nominations from community members, and an algorithmic approach...

This brief examines two reforms, enacted between 2012 and 2014, that lifted previous restrictions to women's rights in Togo. Specifically, these limitations prevented women from choosing where to live, from getting a job without their husband's permission, and from being named head of household...

Following the shocks of recent years, fiscal expansion has helped preserve robust economic growth but has also pushed up Togo's public debt and contributed to vulnerabilities in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Further, despite the fiscal expansion, Togo's progress towards...

The Country Opinion Survey in Togo assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Togo perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

The present report is based on data collected through an in-depth literature review on the six targeted countries as well as individual interviews with a total of 147 key off-grids solar (OGS) stakeholders across these countries, including (i) institutional players, comprising government and...

Background The use of health care services by the most vulnerable households in low-and middle-income countries is a major challenge. This includes ensuring access to health services and protecting households from the financial risks of unaffordable medical care. In 2008, Togo put in place a...

Togo aspires to attain middle-income status by 2030, anchored in social inclusion, job creation, and modernization. However, the country faces important development challenges. This includes dealing with the impacts of climate change such as rising temperatures, more frequent extreme hot days,...

Following the shocks of recent years starting with the COVID-19 pandemic, fiscal expansion helped preserve robust growth but also pushed up Togo’s public debt and contributed to a temporary drawdown of foreign exchange reserves in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), while...

Using data from the FinScop survey (2016), this study aims to analyse the effect of mobile money on multidimensional energy poverty (MEPI) in Burkina Faso and Togo. MEPI was calculated using the method of Alkire and Foster in 2011, and a linear regression based on the instrumental variable...

An IMF team conducted a Climate Public Investment Management Assessment (C-PIMA) in Togo. The analysis identified emerging good practices for an effective management of public investment from a climate perspective, but also identified weaknesses throughout the public investment cycle that affect...

Following a series of shocks in recent years, Togo continues to face persistent challenges to food security and terrorist attacks, while broader development needs remain acute. Fiscal expansion implemented in response to the shocks has helped preserve robust economic growth but has also pushed...

Au Togo, les disparités entre les sexes se manifestent dans de nombreux domaines dimensions. L'inégalité commence dès l’enfance, lorsque les filles sont désavantagés dans l’accès à l’éducation en raison de la prévalence Normes sociales et rôles de genre. Il se poursuit dans...

Using data from the FinScop survey (2016), this study aims to analyse the effect of mobile money on multidimensional energy poverty (MEPI) in Burkina Faso and Togo. MEPI was calculated using the method of Alkire and Foster in 2011, and a linear regression based on the instrumental variable...

Growth has been resilient to the shocks of recent years, but Togo is facing elevated food insecurity and terrorist attacks while development needs remain acute. Fiscal deficits and debt have increased, reversing the debt reduction achieved during the 2017-20 ECF-arrangement, eroding fiscal space...

The traditional linear economic model, characterized by extraction, production, consumption, and waste disposal, has increasingly exposed its limitations, particularly in the depletion of natural resources and the acceleration of global warming, which are critical global issues. These challenges...

Background The occurrence of health shocks affects households economically in various ways. It most often leads to missed work, thus inducing a decrease in productivity and a loss of income. These effects are even more significant if the extent of absenteeism is high or if its duration is long....

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are moving south towards the four countries of interest of this paper (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal and Togo). At the time of writing, all except Ghana have experienced direct jihadist...

Floods portray a severe problem in the riverine areas of West Africa while more frequent and intense heavy precipitation events are projected under climatic change scenarios. Already, floods cause manifold impacts, leaving the population to cope with the financial impacts of floods through their...

Floods portray a severe problem in the riverine areas of West Africa while more frequent and intense heavy precipitation events are projected under climatic change scenarios. Already, floods cause manifold impacts, leaving the population to cope with the financial impacts of floods through their...

The adoption of improved technologies in agriculture has been shown to improve incomes, reduce poverty and contribute to rural development in many developing nations. In Togo, the Agricultural Sector Support Project (PASA) assists smallholder farmers in the adoption of the Improved Technology in...

Togo was able to effectively reach the urban informal sector with a fully digital social assistance program, Novissi. The denser telecommunications and financial networks found in cities better facilitated the fully digital program but may not have insured inclusion in all cases. Having timely...

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are moving south towards the four countries of interest of this paper (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal and Togo). At the time of writing, all except Ghana have experienced direct jihadist...

This case study, jointly authored by the Government of Togo and the World Bank, documents the innovative features of the NOVISSI program and posits some directions for the way forward. The study examines how Togo leveraged artificial intelligence and machine learning methods to prioritize the...

Good quality jobs are key to accelerating poverty reduction and enhancing social cohesion in Togo. Following a decade of significant progress in reducing poverty, the COVID-19 pandemic and of Russia's invasion of Ukraine are likely to have reversed some of these gains in living standards,...

Since the onset of COVID-19 in 2020, Togo's economy has shown signs of resilience in the face of shocks but efforts to reduce poverty were frustrated and fiscal space depleted. Togo was able to avoid a recession in 2020, with real GDP growth recorded at 2 percent, before rebounding rapidly to...

Good quality jobs are key to accelerating poverty reduction and strengthening social cohesion in Togo. While Togo has made significant progress in creating more good quality jobs, with robust growth performance in the past decade, several jobs-related challenges remain. Togo's labor market is...

Gender gaps in Togo cut across many dimensions. Inequality starts in childhood, when girls are disadvantaged in access to schooling because of prevalent social norms and gender roles. It continues into adolescence, when a larger share of girls starts dropping out of school, unable to continue...

Do non-traditional digital trace data and traditional survey data yield similar estimates of the impact of a cash transfer program? In a randomized controlled trial of Togo's COVID-19 Novissi program, endline survey data indicate positive treatment effects on beneficiary food security, mental...

Entrepreneurs, especially in developing economies, rely on peers for advice and managerial knowledge. While a growing body of work shows that introducing entrepreneurs to new peers outside their immediate neighborhood and social circles improves performance, these results are seemingly at odds...

Climate shocks are one of the most decried threats to farmers, especially in developing countries where agriculture remains largely dependent on rainfall. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been shown to be an effective solution. Unfortunately, this solution is struggling to...

Innovations in big data and algorithms are enabling new approaches to target interventions at scale. We compare the accuracy of three different systems for identifying the poor to receive benefit transfers -- proxy means-testing, nominations from community members, and an algorithmic approach...

We study poverty minimization via direct transfers, framing this as a statistical learning problem while retaining the information constraints faced by real-world programs. Using nationally representative household consumption surveys from 23 countries that together account for 50% of the...

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of formal education level on food security status at the individual level in Togo. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations' Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) measure is the basis of the analysis. Using the Chi-square...