This paper introduces modern readers to ‘banking theory’, that is, to the understanding of the banking system that was held by academics and practitioners in the early years of the twentieth century. This theory contrasts with the theoretic framework that views banks as intermediaries that...

Joint liability loans are used in various settings, including business partnerships, agricultural cooperatives, and real estate investment. Most notably, they have been central to the microfinance model since the 1970s. Despite early promises, recent evidence suggests that joint liability has...

Purpose: The study explores the country-of-origin effect on the product evaluation of wine offerings from South Africa in European markets. We examine whether a liability of emergingness manifests and its characteristics from an African context. Design/methodology/approach: Using a qualitative...

This report presents the findings of an interim Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) conducted by the World Bank to assess the impact of the conflict affecting Lebanon. As of November 7, 2024, the conflict has reportedly claimed the lives of 3,102 individuals in Lebanon, injured 13,8191 and...

This work provides an economic exploration of the multifaceted world of medical malpractice risk. Third party liability insurance plays a central role in protecting healthcare providers and public care institutions from the financial consequences of medical malpractice claims, although in recent...

Pilot tests for (semi-)autonomous transport via inland waterways are already taking place in Belgium and other European countries. However, the full commercial implementation of autonomous inland shipping might be hampered by liability issues. The allocation of liability, especially...

Usage of containers beyond the predetermined period results in container demurrage and detention (D&D) that is charged by the carriers. The D&D charges are often perceived as a profit-making revenue stream for carriers, which raises the question of whether D&D charges adequately balance the...

The article deals with economic environmental crime, i.e. those illegal attacks on the environment that are perceived as the most serious. Using the example of the Czech Republic, a post-communist state in Eastern Europe that joined the European Union, the main problems associated with its...

The Bailiwick of Jersey ("Jersey") and the UK face similar challenges when attributing criminal liability to corporate entities. Both jurisdictions have sought to meet some of these challenges by the introduction of deferred prosecution agreements ("DPAs") and failure to prevent ("FTP")...

Background: Due to the absence of unified global regulations, defining the service and legal role of freight forwarders is challenging. This, as well as the lack of a standardized limit to the freight forwarder's liability for loss or damage to the cargo, introduces misunderstandings into his...

This study analyzes the impact of secondary tax liability borne by stockholders, an exception to the principle of limited liability, on corporate investment. The paper constructs a model of a firm to examine the effect of this secondary tax liability, finding that the violation of limited...

The economic analysis of crime has contributed significantly to our understanding of corporate criminal activity. To derive implications for legal policy, most theoretical papers, however, take public enforcement as exogenous, i.e. non-compliance with laws is punished with a given probability by...

The relevance of the study is due to the presence of some problematic aspects in the institute of representation of Kazakhstan, in connection with which the level of effectiveness of citizens' realisation of their inherent rights decreases. The study aims to evaluate recommendations for removal,...

The present study aims to explain and predict the monetary amount awarded by courts as compensation for harm suffered. A set of machine-learning algorithms was applied to a sample of decisions handed down by the Polish common courts. The methodology involved two steps: identification of words...

Modern society mitigates and transfers risks in a variety of ways, which range from catastrophe prevention and insurance solutions through to injustices of a minor and inconspicuous nature. We show that the measures taken depend on the uncertainty about the risks in question and involve three...

This paper studies how litigation and settlement behavior is affected by agents motivated by spiteful preferences under the American and the English fee-shifting rule. We conduct an experiment and find that litigation expenditures and settlement requests are higher for more spiteful...