While recent preferential trade agreements (PTAs) cover an increasingly broad range of policy areas beyond their traditional competence for reducing bilateral tariffs, little is known about the implications of this new emphasis on interactions with other trade-related policy measures. We...

Transaction costs create inefficiencies in agricultural markets, and poor trade digitalization lowers agrifood productivity of developing countries. This paper argues that trade facilitation via digitalization cuts transaction costs thereby increasing agrifood trade because it streamlines trade...

In examining the effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the amounts of Aid for Trade (AfT) that accrue to developing countries, Lee et al. (2015) (The World Economy, 38, 2015 and 1462) have found that developing country members of the World Trade Organization (WTO)...

The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it examines the effects of the implementation of trade facilitation (TF) measures on international trade flows and on participation in global value chains (GVCs). Second, it provides policy recommendations for developing Asia and the Pacific derived...

The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) has been predicted to bring about an expansion in trade flows and real income gains. To date, there is still very limited empirical evidence on the actual post-implementation impact of the TFA. This paper provides an assessment, combining econometric...

The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) has been predicted to bring about an expansion in trade flows and real income gains. To date, there is still very limited empirical evidence on the actual post-implementation impact of the TFA. This paper provides an assessment, combining econometric...

Border procedures around the globe can act as barriers hindering international trade. Another impact of these procedures relates to their economic resource costs. In this study, using a microeconomic framework of international trade, the potential economic gains are estimated for reductions in...

This study advances the theoretical development of the resources-based view (RBV) by analyzing the competitive market resources conferred on client firms by U.S. state-level Foreign Trade Offices (FTOs) and contracted representatives, and the subsequent outcomes achieved by individual industries...

It is clear that the export has important effects on country economic development. There are lot of various strategies have used in some countries to increase the export of services. According to the international statistics, we can see that the share of services exports in global trade is...

Korean defense exports have grown at a higher rate than anywhere else in the world in the five year period from 2017 to 2021, exploding by 177 percent and positioning Korea as the world’s eighth-largest defense exporter. Moreover, if after final accounting Korean defense exports came to more...

All WTO members participate in the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), a rules-based bottom-up approach built on monitorable provisions (e.g. the publication of information, advance rulings, appeal or review of decisions, transparency, and border agency cooperation) aimed at reducing time in...

The WTO's Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) is an important agreement that aims to simplify and simplify trade procedures, lower trade costs and increase transparency and predictability in global trade. For Bangladesh, a highly export-dependent developing country, TFA offers significant...

Despite the voluminous literature on the effect of aid-for-trade (AfT) flows on recipient countries’ trade performance, little is known about the relationship between AfT flows and other capital flows to developing countries. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the effect of...

This paper focuses on a less-studied corruptive behavior hidden in trade facilitation costs. We use Chinese firm-level data to identify systematic variations in entertainment and travel costs (ETCs) across different trading markets and trading partners. We find that ETCs significantly increase...

It is clear that the export has important effects on country economic development. There are lot of various strategies have used in some countries to increase the export of services. According to the international statistics, we can see that the share of services exports in global trade is...

In contrast to recent literature, we show that market access requirements (MARs) can be implemented in a procompetitive manner even in the absence of threats in related markets. By focusing on subsidies that are paid only when the requirement is met, we show that a MAR can increase aggregate...

Aid for Trade seeks to enable developing countries, and in particular least-developed countries (LDCs), to use trade as a means of fostering economic growth, sustainable development and poverty reduction. It promotes the integration of developing countries, especially LDCs, into the multilateral...

This report analyses the evolution of Aid for Trade flows in a context marked by crises of unprecedented magnitude, with significant impacts on trade and investment. Under the theme “Empowering Connected, Sustainable Trade”, it shows that Aid for Trade was an important tool in the fight...

Using electronic documents and transactions can speed up and increase trade. Electronic messages can eliminate the need to enter data into a computer manually at each supply chain checkpoint and can provide opportunities for the potential reuse of data. This toolkit aims at raising awareness of...

The purpose of this paper is to build a comprehensive indicator framework to gain insights into the impact of trade liberalization and trade facilitation on China’s agricultural trade cost and provide indications about the implementation priority of various measures. By reference to panel data...

India has recently attracted considerable new interest as a trade partner both as part of increased focus on the Indo-Pacific as a region and as a diversification play for global value chain sourcing and production and is being actively courted by many of Canada’s trading partners, including...

The objective of this paper is to access the effect of the digitalization on intra Africa export. We construct panel data with 53 African countries covering the period 2005 to 2017. The method of GMM is used to estimate our econometric model. The results showed a positive and significant effect...

Exporters differ markedly in export-market performance. We document that this heterogeneity is not strongly reflected in workforce education or occupations but closely relates to the presence of a few workers with prior export experience. We employ a novel identification strategy to isolate how...