This working paper investigates the tension between market forces and welfare policies by applying Karl Polanyi's "double movement" study to pre- and posttransformation Poland. The analysis aims at providing a comprehensive perspective on how poverty relief policies impacted and have been...

This case study examines Saudi Arabia’s bold commitment to reimagining education and training through digital transformation, with FutureX as its flagship initiative. Across the globe, countries are working to equip their populations with skills needed for a rapidly changing world shaped by...

This report offers fresh insights into Saudi Arabia’s labor market transformation over the past decade, highlighting some of the accomplishments in reshaping employment outcomes achieved after implementation of Vision 2030 and the National Labor Market Strategy. Leveraging a rich dataset...

Emerging economies confront unprecedented challenges mobilizing finance for green industrial transitions while maintaining development trajectories. This paper examines implementation effectiveness across India, South Africa, Brazil, and Indonesia-major economies representing diverse political...

This study addresses the pressing challenge of transitioning to a low-carbon economy in BRICS nations by investigating the role of green finance policies in enhancing energy efficiency and driving sustainable economic growth. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of green credit...

After each economic crisis, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, governments have used public investment as a crucial tool to help economies recover quickly. However, a significant concern is how to structure such investments to meet the intended objectives while avoiding risks during...

We examine EU and UK plans for achieving a fossil-free energy system by 2050, centered on massive electrification and large-scale deployment of wind and solar power. Using empirical trends, cost analyses, and systemfunction assessments, we argue that current strategies underestimate real...

Over a quarter of the world’s population lives in countries that have undertaken transitions from central planning to some form of market-based coordination. These transitions entail far-reaching and complex economic and institutional changes and have had widely divergent trajectories....

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

This Guidance document accompanies the 25 Sector Fiches and the supporting Excel files developed under the project Credible Climate Law-aligned Transition Plans implemented by ICF and CLIMACT. This project was contracted by the European Commission with the objective to develop a set of sector...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

This paper discusses the role of social protection and labor (SPL) policies in complementing green transition policies by both mitigating the potential negative impacts of the transition on workers and low-income households and by enabling people to take advantage of emerging opportunities. The...

Timor-Leste is at a defining moment - one that brings both urgent challenges and real opportunities to build a more resilient and prosperous future. With oil production halted, the country now relies on withdrawals from its Petroleum Fund, which can be depleted by 2038. This raises a pressing...

The study's primary objective is to assess how manifestations of social exclusion and FCV in ETM value chains are evolving, or are expected to evolve, in response to growing global demand, and what the opportunities are to strengthen inclusion and justice and reduce conflict risks through...

Growth in the economies of the six Western Balkan countries (WB6) is expected to slow in 2025, due to the combined effects of a continued weak external environment coupled with heightened domestic pressures in several countries. Serbia faces the steepest slowdown in 2025, while North Macedonia...

While open innovation (OI) research increasingly addresses emerging economies, the distinct institutional challenges of post-Soviet startup ecosystems remain underexplored. This study introduces Relational Knowledge Improvisation (RKI), a socially embedded, recursive capability through which...

This study identifies the minimum economic and institutional conditions that candidate countries must meet to ensure macroeconomic stability, sustainable growth, and effective integration into the EU, under a politically accelerated enlargement process. In the area of external accounts,...

This paper examines intergenerational mobility in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Russia during their transitions from central planning to market systems. We consider mobility as movement captured by changes in status between parents and children. We provide estimates of overall...

The aim of this paper is to identify key enables, gaps and policy mechanisms that facilitate the creation of quality jobs, promote inclusive economic transformation and ensure that all communities, particularly the most vulnerable, are supported by Just Transition. Drawing on comparative...