Das im März 2024 vorgestellte Rentenpaket II der Ampelregierung sieht vor, das Rentenniveau zu stabilisieren und gleichzeitig eine schuldenfinanzierte Kapitaldeckung (Generationenkapital) einzuführen. Allerdings führen diese Maßnahmen im Umlageverfahren zu einer einseitigen Belastung der...

Korea's National Pension Fund (NPF) is projected to be in deficit by the 2040s and exhausted by the 2050s. Increasing contribution rates may be unaffordable, prompting consideration of structural reforms, particularly shifting from a defined benefit (DB) to a defined contribution (DC) system....

This study investigates the association between adoption of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), an emerging alternative to full cylinder LPG, and women's economic empowerment in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. From December 2021-January 2022, 293 customers of a PAYG LPG...

This study contributes to the discussion about a fair and balanced pension system with a collectively funded pension scheme or social security and a defined contribution pillar. With an invigorated risk approach using financial option positions, it considers the variance of socioeconomic...

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the generational wealth transfer within Sweden's public pay-as-you-go pension system introduced in 1960. Using extensive administrative registers, the paper quantifies the contributions made and benefits received by each birth cohort. The findings...

Das im März 2024 vorgestellte Rentenpaket II der Ampelregierung sieht vor, das Rentenniveau zu stabilisieren und gleichzeitig eine schuldenfinanzierte Kapitaldeckung (Generationenkapital) einzuführen. Allerdings führen diese Maßnahmen im Umlageverfahren zu einer einseitigen Belastung der...

We study an OLG model with child policies and a PAYG pension with endogenous retirement and fertility. The result of the planned economy is compared to the decentralized competitive equilibrium deriving optimal policies. We show that in the presence of a PAYG pension system, the optimal policy...

As in most economically developed countries, the birth rate has been low for decades in Hungary, and as a result, the population is constantly declining. At the same time, life expectancy at birth significantly increased over the last 20 years, nearly by two years for both men and women. As a...

We study whether a better knowledge of the functioning of pay-as-you-go pension systems and recent demographic trends in the hosting country affects natives’ attitudes towards immigration. In two online experiments in Italy and Spain, we randomly treated participants with a video explaining...

This study characterizes an unfunded pension system financed by labor income and capital income taxes in an overlapping generations (OLG) economy with endogenous growth. We examine and compare the effects of labor income and capital income taxes on endogenous retirement, economic growth, and...

We study whether a better knowledge of the functioning of pay-as-you-go pension systems and recent demographic trends in the hosting country affects natives' attitudes towards immigration. In two online experiments in Italy and Spain, we randomly treated participants with a video explaining how,...

It is argued that a PAYGO system may have useful allocative functions in that it serves as an insurance against not having children and as an enforcement device for rotten kid' who are unwilling to pay their parents a pension. It is true that the system has amoral hazard effect in terms of...

Using an empirical age-period-cohort model we analyze the effects of different Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) public pension systems on financial imbalance, on inequality in permanent income, and on the rate of return of social security assets of heterogeneous agents in terms of gender and education....

The institution of social security today faces new challenges and is called upon to adapt to new realities such as globalization, demographic ageing, scientific progress, etc. The national legislator must ensure the sustainability of the social security system and adopt regulations capable of...

Migration has important implications for the financial soundness of the pension system, which is an important pillar of the welfare state. While it is common sense to expect that young migrants, even if low-skilled, can help society pay the benefits to the currently elderly, it may nevertheless...

It is shown that the net fiscal externality created by an additional member of a pay-as-you-go pension system that is endowed with individual accounts equals the gross contributions" of this member. In Germany, this is an amount of about DM 175,000. The paper uses this" information to design a...

This paper examines the optimal allocation of risk across generations whose savings mix is subject to illiquidity in the form of uncertain trading costs. We use a stylized two-period OLG framework, where each generation makes a portfolio allocation decision for retirement, and show that...

A vast literature on public pensions shows that pay-as-you-go schemes may be preferable to funded schemes despite arguments of return dominance. A heavily cited reason for this is redistribution. One aspect that is rarely considered, however, is that the positive correlation between income and...

A model is presented that explains the mix between funded and unfunded pension systems. It turns out that total pension and the relative shares of the two systems may be explained and are determined by the population growth rate, technological growth, the time-preference discount rate, that...

We develop a dynamic politico-economic theory of welfare state, featuring three groups of voters: skilled workers, unskilled workers, and old retirees. The welfare-state is modeled by a proportional tax on labor income to finance a demogrant in a balanced-budget manner to capture the essence of...