This paper discusses the potential introduction of permanent public subsidies to supplement the wages of low-paid workers in Italy, taking inspiration from Edmund Phelps' ideas on supporting the working poor. We consider how a negative taxation scheme for low-wage earners might address...

This report provides a mapping of existing research that employs online labour market data, covering both online job vacancies (demand side) and online applicant data (CVs) (supply side). We discuss and assess a variety of tools and empirical methods that have been used to address specific...

This paper examines the relationship between mobile internet, employment and structural transformation in Rwanda. Thanks to its ability to enable access to a wide range of ICT technologies, internet coverage has the potential to affect the dynamics and the composition of employment...

We assess whether online data on vacancies and applications to a job board are a suitable source for studying skills dynamics outside of Europe and the United States, where a rich literature has examined skills dynamics using online vacancy data. Yet, the knowledge on skills dynamics is scarce...

This final report on thematic country reviews (TCRs) on upskilling pathways, conducted in France from 2021 to 2023, serves as a valuable resource for policy-makers, social partners, and all stakeholders involved in upskilling. It summarises the outcomes of the second (meso) and third (macro)...

The Initiative for coal regions in transition has developed this toolkit as part of its knowledge products to assist practitioners in coal regions (including peat and oil shale regions) across Europe. The aim of this toolkit is to help stakeholders to address the upskilling and reskilling needs...

We evaluate the impact of hiring subsidies for unemployed jobseekers in Wallonia, the Frenchspeaking region in the south of Belgium. The special feature of these subsidies is that they are more readily available for low-educated youths, who are eligible from registration as a jobseeker or a few...

This paper studies how aggregate labor market conditions affect the intragenerational assimilation of immigrants in the hosting country. Using data from the American Community Survey, we leverage variation in the forecast errors for national and local unemployment rates in the US at the time of...

Die 3D-Transformation - Digitalisierung, demografischer Wandel und Dekar- bonisierung – stellt neue Anforderungen an Arbeitskräfte in diversen Bran- chen und Berufen. Besonders betroffen von den Veränderungen durch die Dekarbonisierung ist das Ausbaugewerbe, das eine zentrale Rolle bei der...

The permanent restructuring of the economy, exacerbated by the digital transition and combined with labour market dualization, is progressively increasing semi- and low-skilled workers' risk of marginalization. This article analyses how countries balance employment and equality concerns in core...

Utilizing comprehensive administrative data from Brazil, we investigate the impact of peer effects on wages, considering both within-gender and cross-gender dynamics. Since the average productivity of both individuals and their peers is unobservable, we estimate these values using worker fixed...

Over the last thirty years, there have been significant changes in several empirical measures of local labor market monopsony power. A monopsonist has a profit incentive to offer lower wages to local workers. High skilled mobile workers can avoid these lower wages by moving to other more...

Job polarization has been proven mainly in the United States and many Western European countries, but the Czech Republic has been relatively neglected in these surveys. This paper explicitly focuses on the Czech Republic and fills this gap from 2004-2017. Moreover, the Czech Republic is examined...

Rossi (2022) examines the relative efficiency of skilled workers across countries. He finds the elasticity of skill efficiency with respect to GDP per worker is 1.4 and that the relative human capital accounts for only about 9 percent. We reproduce the paper's main findings and test the...

To understand gender inequalities in labor market outcomes of seemingly homogeneous low-skilled workers in developing countries, we build and estimate a search model of the labor market in which agents decide their labor market participation, employment type, and migration status. The model...

We evaluate the effect of an increase in low-skilled immigration in Korean municipalities on the internal migration of natives and several economic outcomes. Using Korean data, we distinguish between natives moving for work-related and non-work-related reasons. Using a change in immigration...

Addressing growing income inequality in the United States should begin with the plight of low-skilled workers, many subject to below subsistence income and stressful and dangerous working conditions. Antitrust cannot offer a comprehensive solution to this problem. It can, however, meaningfully...

According to the segmentation theory, low-skilled jobs belong to the secondary sector of the labour market. Low-skilled jobs do not require vocational training and workers are interchangeable. Therefore, workers in this sector have poor working conditions and are regularly affected by employment...

Who are more exploited, high-skilled or low-skilled workers? We address this question using the efficiency wage model with skill differentials incorporated. We perform simulations to find the Nash equilibrium numerically, and our central results are the following. First, higher-skilled workers...

This report summarises the outcomes of the first (micro) phase of the thematic country review (TCR) on upskilling pathways in Italy. It reflects the perspectives of both the beneficiaries of the approaches considered and the actors involved in their implementation. The TCR focuses on outreach,...

We design, pilot, and field a new survey of occupational skills in Peru, to investigate human capital differences between poor and rich countries. Though the average skill level is comparable, Peruvian jobs have markedly more uniform skill profiles than jobs in the US. However, matching...

We design, pilot, and field a new survey of occupational skills in Peru, to investigate human capital differences between poor and rich countries. Though the average skill level is comparable, Peruvian jobs have markedly more uniform skill profiles than jobs in the US. However, matching...

Die Logistik trägt in Bremen erheblich zur Wertschöpfung bei und ist ein wichtiger Beschäftigungsträger. Mit einem hohen Anteil an Einfacharbeit bietet sie niedrigschwellige Einstiege auch für gering qualifizierte Personen. Die Digitalisierung der Logistik verändert die Arbeitsprozesse und...

Low-skilled workers are concentrated in sectors that experience fast productivity growth and yet their real wages have been stagnating. We document evidence from the U.S. to show the importance of sectoral reallocations. Key to our two-sector model is the fall in the relative price of the...

We employ employer-employee matched data from Denmark and utilize plausibly exogenous variation in the rise of import competition due to the dismantling of import quotas as China entered the World Trade Organization to show, first, that rising import competition has led to reduced employment in...

Abschlussorientierte Weiterbildungen können für Geringqualifizierte ein probates Mittel sein, um ihre Beschäftigungs- und Verdienstmöglichkeiten in einer sich stetig wandelnden Arbeitswelt zu verbessern. Häufig werden aber finanzielle Gründe als Hinderungsgrund genannt, wenn es um...