Farmers' vulnerability to adverse weather events, which are likely to increase in frequency and magnitude due to climate change, is a major impediment to a sufficient credit supply. Smallholder farmers' access to credit is, among other factors, crucial for productivity and out-put growth. Index...

Zur Rekonstruktion der jungquartären Landschaftsentwicklung am Kilimanjaro werden Sedimente aus Paläoböden am Mt Kilimanjaro untersucht, um die lokale und regionale Ökosystem-, Klima-, Feuerdynamik in einem größeren Rahmen zu verstehen. Desweiteren soll die Reaktion der Ökosysteme auf...

Following stream impoundment, rivers respond via changes in sediment dynamics, channel morphology, and vegetation distribution. Such changes have occurred along the Provo River, Utah, located within the Intermountain West of the U.S. Jordanelle Dam was built on the Provo River in 1992 after the...

In agriculture, a major benefit of satellite registrations crop is forecast problem by following up the development of crops in certain phenological stages. Then, the registration of pest attacks made possible intervention in the early stages of this phenomenon. Development of the Earth's...

In agriculture, a major benefit of satellite registrations crop is forecast problem by following up the development of crops in certain phenological stages. Then, the registration of pest attacks made possible intervention in the early stages of this phenomenon. Development of the Earth's...

In agriculture, a major benefit of satellite registrations crop is forecast problem by following up the development of crops in certain phonological stages. Then, the registration of pest attacks made possible intervention in the early stages of this phenomenon. Development of the Earth's...

This study explores the impact of natural resource availability on differences between migrants’ and non-migrants’ well-being in rural Madagascar. Data from the 2008/2009 Demographic and Health Survey are used in combination with satellite imagery of vegetation coverage to proxy...

The protection of private residences from wildland fire produces high levels of cost and safety risk to firefighters, especially with the expanding ex-urban settlement pattern in the wildland urban interface (WUI). Economic information on probable structure losses can help guide efficient...

A biased coinflip Ansatz provides a stochastic regional scale land surface climate model of minimum complexity, which represents physical and stochastic properties of an ideal rainfall–runoff chain. The solution yields the empirically derived Schreiber formula as an Arrhenius-type equation of...

Satelliten-Beobachtungen seit den 1980er Jahren zeigen weltweit ein Ergrünen der Vegetation sowie einen zeitigeren Beginn der Vegetationsperiode. Als mögliche Ursachen dieser Veränderungen werden u.a. der CO2-Anstieg in der Atmosphäre, die Klimaänderungen, Waldbrände oder...

The book provides a record of the co-operation within Europe in the field of forest vegetation management through the Cost Action E47. The aims are: i)to provide a summary of the current state of the art' as it applies to forest vegetation management in Europe for scientists, practitioners and...

Current practices and problems of forest vegetation management in France are described in the context of research on alternatives to herbicides.

Many regions of the world are experiencing an increase in frequency and intensity of floods. There has been increasing understanding among emergency preparedness and natural disaster planners that rapid urbanization is enhancing the risk from river flooding in urban areas. Many regions of Canada...

Laboratory experiments were carried out to study tsunami flow dynamics in the presence of patchy macro-roughness, representing coastal forest, on a 1:10 steep beach. The experimental setup included four cross-shore rows of roughness patches affixed to the dry beach in a staggered array, such...

One argument against forest reservation is that people want forest reserve resources and would not deliberately destroy it. In contrast, the basic assumption underlying forest reservation in Nigeria is that local communities cannot conserve and manage forests sustainably. How well this strategy...

This study reviewed case studies and research focussed on the issues of managing native vegetation, the problems of salinity and the relationship between the two. It then addressed the economic feasibility of six tree planting configurations to reduce the impacts of salinity. The method used a...

Air temperature measurements under the vegetation canopy of trees in suburban streets and at reference points were carried out under mostly light wind conditions in five streets in the city of Athens (Greece) during a short exceptionally hot weather period in 2007. The average cooling effect at...

In the mallee region of South Australia, clearing of native Eucalyptus vegetation and its replacement with annual crops and pastures has increased rates of acquifer recharge. This has led to increased flows of saline groundwater into the Murray River, with consequent increases in river salinity.

We quantify the emergence of biofuel markets and its impact on U.S. and world agriculturefor the coming decade using the multi-market, multi-commodity international FAPRI (Food andAgricultural Policy Research Institute) model. The model incorporates the trade-offs betweenbiofuel, feed, and food...

Wetlands provide many important goods and services to human societies, and generate nonuse values as well. Wetlands are also very sensitive ecosystems that are subject to much stress from human activities. Reducing the stress on wetlands requires a spatial matching between physical planning,...

As complex self-adaptive systems, land ecosystems usually tend to produce intricate vegetation patterns under specific environmental constraints, which have ever puzzled us for decades. In this paper, a universal principle on pattern formation of land ecosystems is highlighted as: a land...

The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) is sponsored by the USDA:APHIS:Veterinary Services (VS). The NAHMS Equine '98 Study was designed to provide information about the nation's equine population for education and research purposes. This report is based on the second phase of...

Could the dynamics of vegetation covers be significantly influenced by fires? Is it possible to identify and quantify such effect? In order to detect fire-induced variability in vegetational dynamics, we performed a fluctuation analysis of time series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized...

When selecting attributes in environmentalChoice Modelling studies, preference should begiven to those attributes that aredemand-relevant, policy-relevant, andmeasurable. The use of these criteria willoften result in a short list of environmentalattributes of which some are causally related. The...

Man (farmers, forest managers) by dealing with water and vegetation changes substantially the distribution of solar energy. Differences in sensible heat (warming) and latent heat (cooling by evapotranspiration) on drained and wetland areas, and the air conditioning effect of a single tree are...

Restoration of degraded and creation of constructed wetlands require proper hydraulic design. Of particular importance is the accurate determination of flow resistancefactors and the proper use of resistance equations, somethingessential for computing basic hydraulic parameters, such as depth...