Focusing on the role of government industrial funds in bridging the equity gap, in this paper, we examine how the establishment of government industrial funds (GIFs) affects enterprise innovation and the underlying mechanism of the guiding and synergistic effects on social capital. By conducting...

This study empirically investigates the determinants of financial success for startups engaged in impact versus conventional investment, performing a landscape analysis of the MENA region's financial ecosystem. Using the total equity funding amount (TEFA) as a performance proxy, we analyzed data...

This paper reviews the empirical literature on performance persistence in private equity (PE). It argues that observed persistence reflects three interacting forces: managerial skill, structural advantages, and measurement artefacts. It compares findings across return metrics, units of analysis,...

Venture capital ("VC") has built a solid reputation for spurring innovation and economic growth, thus emerging as a crown jewel of the U.S. economy since the 1980s. The development of the U.S. VC market has benefited from the enabling nature of U.S. (Delaware) corporate law, which allows parties...

Policymakers around the globe have sought to stimulate Venture Capital (VC) investments, and an extensive literature has inquired into the institutional determinants of a vibrant VC market, including corporate law. We contribute to that literature by exploring the significance of corporate law...

Venture capital ("VC") has built a solid reputation for spurring innovation and economic growth, thus emerging as a crown jewel of the U.S. economy since the 1980s. The development of the U.S. VC market has benefited from the enabling nature of U.S. (Delaware) corporate law, which allows parties...

Policymakers around the globe have sought to stimulate Venture Capital (VC) investments, and an extensive literature has inquired into the institutional determinants of a vibrant VC market, including corporate law. We contribute to that literature by exploring the significance of corporate law...

Private ordering enables investors to design firm-specific governance arrangements. Aided by specialized lawyers, sophisticated contracting parties can engage in complex private ordering exercises yielding agency cost-minimizing governance structures. Venture capital ('VC') contracting is a...

We examine the growing gender gap in venture capital funding, focusing on accelerator programs in the U.S. We collect a unique dataset with detailed information on accelerators and startups. Using a two-stage methodology, we first estimate a matching model between startups and accelerators, and...

A vast literature has examined the contractual technology that venture capital (VC) funds and entrepreneurs deploy in the U.S. to define an agency cost-minimising structure of their relationship, leading many to conclude that U.S. VC contracts are the best real-world solution to the challenges...

Business financing involves supplying funds or capital to initiate, expand, or maintain a business. This study investigates entrepreneurial funding in South Africa, emphasizing microloans, venture capital, and gender-sensitive grants as tools to facilitate inclusive business growth. Using a...

The European Union (EU) economy depends heavily on bank funding. For this reason, strengthening EU equity markets as an alternative funding source has been a policy priority under the Capital Markets Union (CMU) agenda, and more recently a key feature of the Savings and Investment Union (SIU)....

A vast literature has examined the contractual technology that venture capital (VC) funds and entrepreneurs deploy in the U.S. to define an agency cost-minimising structure of their relationship, leading many to conclude that U.S. VC contracts are the best real-world solution to the challenges...

The venture capital market in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries-particularly Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic-has experienced rapid growth in recent years, prompting a closer examination of the factors driving this expansion and the long-term trajectories of these emerging...

Recent proposals to tax unrealized capital gains or wealth have sparked a debate about their impact on entrepreneurship. We show that accrual-based taxation creates two opposing effects: successful founders face greater dilution from advance tax payments, whereas unsuccessful founders receive...

While entrepreneurship is recognized as a key driver of economic development, barriers such as financing constraints, regulation, and inefficient capital allocation continue to limit its potential, especially in Widening countries. This study examines how different financing mechanisms...

Venture capital (VC) is vital for innovation and economic growth, providing capital and networks to early-stage firms. While research shows a generally positive impact, challenges and failures are often overlooked, potentially creating a skewed perception of success. A review of 72 articles...

Venture capital investment and hedge fund investment are two asset classes of alternative investment fund portfolios. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the digital currency named bitcoin truly adds to diversification in an alternative investment fund portfolio. Vector auto...

This article explores venture capital (VC) as a means and process of accumulating future social necessity. It explores the mechanisms of growth that make VC-backed firms distinct. I argue that a distinctive feature of surplus value capture through VC is valorization via socially necessary...

This research provides the first deep and empirical look into Brazil's increasing equity crowdfunding, or crowdinvest, market, and examines its peculiarities. It is a pioneering work dedicated to understanding which characteristics most impact the success of offers in the country, and whether...

The creation and scaling of startups are inherently linked to risk-taking, with various types of owners handling these risks differently. This paper investigates the influence of an active venture capital (VC) market on startups’ decisions regarding research and scaling. It outlines conditions...

We examine how investor-level tax incentives affect financing for start-ups using the introduction of a generous tax deduction for qualified angel and VC investment in China as a quasi-natural experiment. We find that the tax incentive increases funding for eligible start-ups, with stronger...

Startups face a trade-off between short-term profitability versus long-term growth where investors tolerate prolonged financial losses. We present a new theory and empirical evidence about the existence and shape of so-called J-curves. The theory predicts that investors facing better exit...

Successful technology start-ups can be a significant driver of a country’s economic development and could transform entire industries with new technological innovations. For this reason, in research and practice, special attention is always paid to one particular type of start-up: a successful...