This document describes the design process, definitions, and algorithmic implementation for an assessment of forest fragmentation across the Amazon. This study follows a request raised by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) to conduct an assessment on the state of the...

Can a brief period of economic prosperity leave a legacy of long-term adversity for local populations? This study investigates the enduring impact of the Amazon rubber boom around 1900 on contemporary income, inequality, Indigenous groups presence, and forest conservation. Identification...

The year 2024 was one of the most active years for fires in recent history across the Americas, highlighting the growing influence of climate change on fire behavior, frequency, and intensity. In the second half of the year, several regions in South America including in the Amazon were...

This report advocates for a place-based infrastructure strategy to unlock the Amazon's sustainable bioeconomy, balancing economic inclusion with environmental protection. It highlights the region's infrastructure gaps, especially in transport, energy, and digital connectivity, which collectively...

Amazonia, the world's largest tropical rainforest region, plays a critical role in global bio-diversity, climate regulation, and sustaining the livelihoods of millions of people, including Indigenous peoples (IP), Afro-descendants (AD), and traditional communities (TC). It faces several complex...

Indigenous Peoples and their lands play a vital role in protecting forests and biomes from deforestation, conserving biodiversity, and regulating climate balance. However, they face centuries of marginalization, with challenges such as social inequality, lack of access to basic services, and...

Allocating Brazilian undesignated public forests (UPF) to specific land-use categories is advocated as essential for improved forest governance. In 2010, a 1.3-million-hectare area of UPF in eastern Amazon, known as the Mamuru-Arapiuns Glebas, underwent a land-use planning and allocation...

The Amazon rainforest, a vital global ecosystem, is facing significant threats from the loss of intact forest through deforestation and degradation. This report provides an overview of recent forest changes in the Amazon, focusing on Brazil, the country with the largest portion of the Amazon....

We study a Force-down/Shoot-down intervention in Brazil that led cocaine traffickers to shift from air to river routes. Using data on cocaine production, homicides, and the network of rivers in the Amazon, we provide evidence that violence increased in municipalities along river routes...

Purpose This study aims to answer the question of how to structure a circular ecosystem for extractive fishing in the Amazon region. It explores possibilities for implementing a circular ecosystem management model in an imperfect market with low technological availability, high informality and...

Despite its economic potential, oil palm has earned a bad reputation for its negative environmental and mixed social impacts. In the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, oil palm production has expanded rapidly over the past decade. Meanwhile, in the same landscape, Agroforestry Systems (AFS) have been...

Announced in June 2021, the never-implemented Green Recovery Plan for the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region (GRP) would be a green transition initiative to be carried out by the state governments of the region. The GRP represented the first large-scale proposal aiming at the transition to a...

Forest degradation by fires is growing in a fast pace in the Brazilian portion of the Amazonian rainforest, damaging the regional environment and economy. Seeking to measure the impact of such process on rainfall, the paper analyses a wide diversity of fine-grained satellite measurements with...

Severe droughts are currently affecting most of the Amazon and the La Plata basins and other regions in South America with extremely dry and warm conditions. - Heatwaves and warm spells are exacerbating the impacts of the lack of precipitation. The average temperature is abnormally higher than...

Tropical forests are fundamental for the mitigation of global warming and for containing immense biodiversity, thus the knowledge about where, how, and why they change is of crucial importance in order to find countermeasures that can protect the remaining forests for all countries of the Amazon...

Amazon is one of the largest e-commerce corporations in the world and has built a reputation for fast, low-cost service. To rapidly and efficiently move goods from production to consumption, however, Amazon relies on a logistics network that entails significant investments in infrastructure...

Amazonian landscapes are socio-ecological systems that provide fundamental ecosystem services for the maintenance of landscape regulation, biodiversity, and climate regulation. The increasing pressure of population density, productive activities over natural resources, infrastructure...

During 2023, all Amazonian countries recorded the lowest July to September rainfall in over 40 years. Rainfall anomalies in the Brazilian States of western Amazonia, particularly Amazonas, range from 100 to 350 mm below normal corresponding to about 40-50% reduction compared to the average...

Amazon is the largest e-commerce platform in many nations and its revenues have grown consistently over many years. Although Amazon has been subject to some antitrust investigations, competition law still has not fully grappled with the anticompetitive effects of Amazon’s business model, which...

Commercial agriculture is one of the primary drivers of global deforestation, although the contribution of small-scale agriculture is increasing. Despite that, there are limited studies about the decision-making process of non-Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic societies. Hence,...

The Amazon rainforests have been undergoing unprecedented levels of human-induced disturbances. In addition to local impacts, such changes are likely to cascade following the eastern-western atmospheric flow generated by trade winds. We propose a model of spatial and temporal interactions...

Protected areas (PAs), which restrict economic activities, are the leading land and marine policy for ecosystem conservation. Most contexts feature different types of protection that vary in their stringency of management. Using spatially detailed panel data for 1986-2018, we estimate PAs’...

This paper explores the impact of illegal markets on modern slavery, focusing on the Brazilian government's complete shutdown of the mahogany market in the late 90s. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design that exploits the natural variation in the occurrence of mahogany trees in Brazilian...

Although the economic success of Amazon Prime has been widely reported in the mass media, few empirical studies have carefully quantified the economic value, consumer welfare impacts, or public policy implications of the subscription program. This study contributes to this economic literature by...

We provide an economic model of an e-commerce retail platform (e.g., Amazon) that offers a fulfillment service (e.g., "Fulfilled By Amazon") to merchants that sell on its platform. We demonstrate that the introduction of such a service generates distributional effects for the platform...

This paper studies the long-run relationship between historical indigenous presence and modern tropical deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. We georeference information on the historical location of indigenous groups, which groups went extinct, and the likely underlying extinction causes. We...

Land users make decisions in an increasingly dynamic environment. Changes in expectations are driven by market and non-market factors, but research on market related drivers of land use change so far dominates in the literature. This paper examines how political discourses affect deforestation...