Die Idee, dass solidarisches Handeln über die Grenzen der Nationalstaaten hinausweist, ist in jüngerer Zeit etwas in den Hintergrund getreten - kein Wunder angesichts aktueller Entwicklungen, in denen sowohl die Rolle des Staates als gesellschaftliche Institution als auch die des...

Die Idee, dass solidarisches Handeln über die Grenzen der Nationalstaaten hinausweist, ist in jüngerer Zeit etwas in den Hintergrund getreten - kein Wunder angesichts aktueller Entwicklungen, in denen sowohl die Rolle des Staates als gesellschaftliche Institution als auch die des...

This paper provides measures of compliance with labour regulations that vary across space, time, and type of regulation, allowing for a rich analysis of worker vulnerability. We compute a multidimensional index of labour violations that covers minimum wages, leave benefits and social security in...

This working paper explores the role of collective bargaining in achieving a just transition, drawing on recent literature and a sample of 512 collective agreements. An in-depth study of six country case studies from various regions highlights key themes in just transition clauses, namely...

This paper provides measures of compliance with labour regulations that vary across space, time, and type of regulation, allowing for a rich analysis of worker vulnerability. We compute a multidimensional index of labour violations that covers minimum wages, leave benefits and social security in...

India introduced sweeping legal changes on labour laws in late 2025, summarising 29 laws into 4 labour Codes. The Key Changes and Concerns Industrial Relations Raises the threshold for requiring government permission for layoffs/retrenchments from 100 to 300 workers, encouraging firms to avoid...

This paper reports first results from the extension of the CBR Labour Regulation Index (CBR-LRI) to include changes in labour laws around the world over the last decade. The index, which previously went up to 2013, now codes for labour laws in 117 countries, equivalent to 95% of world GDP, for...

With the multiple crises unfolding worldwide, the number of refugees has been increasing. One of the fundamental rights central to the well-being and protection of refugees is the "right to work," and this paper aims to investigate how the right to work for refugees evolved from an international...

This working paper explores the role of collective bargaining in achieving a just transition, drawing on recent literature and a sample of 512 collective agreements. An in-depth study of six country case studies from various regions highlights key themes in just transition clauses, namely...

This working paper was prepared in 2024 and reviews developments internationally since 2021 relating to the exercise of the right to bargain collectively and the existence of collective agreements among workers in the platform economy. The paper builds upon ILO Working Paper 80, "Realizing the...

The report focuses on three main categories of LTC workers: personal care workers, nurses and domestic care workers. It does not cover either informal carers, i.e. those in the social environment of the person in need of care, including a partner, child, parent or other person, who provide care...

There is substantial societal and political concern about the social and labour market vulnerabilities of migrants living and working in European countries without the legal right to reside. In this context, the role of legal rights for "irregular migrants" as a means of addressing some of these...

The aim of paper is to define differences between Czech legislation and European law established by law or other valid legal regulations and to point out key areas that are different and key principles for transfer of European and Czech human rights and responsibilities arising employment legal...

Wie können arbeitsrechtliche Regelungen dazu beitragen, prekäre Arbeitsbedingungen zu unterbinden? Wie können die Lücken bei der Anwendung von Arbeitsstandards geschlossen werden? Wie kann wirksame Mitbestimmung in Branchen etabliert werden, die von migrantischer Arbeit und kleinteiligen...

Petition No. 1407/2023, submitted by David Gutierrez Prieto on behalf of the Confederacion Espanola de Policia (CEP), led the PETI Committee to organise a fact-finding visit to Spain, in the towns of Algeciras and Barbate. The petition raises concerns about the fundamental and labour rights of...

Petition No. 1407/2023, submitted by David Gutierrez Prieto on behalf of the Confederacion Espanola de Policia (CEP), led the PETI Committee to organise a fact-finding visit to Spain, in the towns of Algeciras and Barbate. The petition raises concerns about the fundamental and labour rights of...

This paper investigates one aspect of the structured management practices literature which has argued that exogenous legislative changes leading to reductions in union power (identified with the passage of RTW laws) serve to increase the use of management incentives practices often resisted by...

During the first half of the twentieth century, many US states enacted laws restricting women's labor market opportunities, including maximum hours restrictions, minimum wage laws, and night-shift bans. The era of so-called protective labor laws came to an end in the 1960s as a result of civil...

This paper proposes novel natural language methods to measure worker rights from collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) for use in empirical economic analysis. Applying unsupervised text-as-data algorithms to a new collection of 30,000 CBAs from Canada in the period 1986-2015, we parse legal...

The green and digital transitions are increasingly described as the 'twin transition' in EU policy documents, social partners' strategic plans and academic debates. However, the exact meaning of this term remains ambiguous, and the interconnections between these transitions are largely...

The employment share of legal services in the U.S. more than doubled during 1970–1990, in stark contrast to stability during 1850–1970 and after 1990. The relative wage of lawyers and law firm partners also doubled between 1970 and 1990. We argue that this demand shift was driven by...

"This book opens an often nationally focused field of research to a transnational, common European debate. It addresses the ongoing transformation of the civil service, examining its evolving landscape across Europe and exploring the intricate web of historical, social and political influences...