Transaction-level quantity discounts are a pervasive feature of US trade, shaping both price variation and tariff incidence. Using administrative microdata, we show that these discounts reflect transaction-level scale economies rather than market power. Accounting for these micro-level economies...

• The 2025 US tariffs are an own goal: American importers and consumers bear nearly the entire cost. Foreign exporters absorb only about 4% of the tariff burden - the remaining 96% is passed through to US buyers. • Using shipment-level data covering over 25 million transactions valued at...

We study how firms' expectations respond to prospective tariff shocks using a randomized survey experiment among Swiss manufacturing firms. When confronted with potential U.S. tariffs, respondents expect sizable declines in turnover and investment, yet anticipate increases in ex-tariff export...

We study how firms' expectations respond to prospective tariff shocks using a randomized survey experiment among Swiss manufacturing firms. When confronted with potential U.S. tariffs, respondents expect sizable declines in turnover and investment, yet anticipate increases in ex-tariff export...

We examine impact of economic sanctions on Russian import prices using detailed data on other countries’ exports to Russia. We find that unit import prices of goods sanctioned by trading blocs such as the European Union have increased, often drastically, and even when imported to Russia from...

This paper examines exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to prices in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, focusing on the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Romania. We employ a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model to analyse the transmission of exchange rate shocks to...

Geopolitical fragmentation triggers complex dynamics in international trade. This paper examines the effects of sanctions through the lens of a stylized model and the empirical analysis of Türkiye’s exports to Russia in the aftermath of Western measures imposed on Russia following its...

The aim of the research is to assess the degree of the pricing-to-market (PTM) strategy used in selected European countries, focusing on selected groups of consumer goods. The study uses a literature review in the field of macroeconomics and international finance, as well as statistical and...

This paper calculates the exchange rate pass through (ERPT) with time constant and time varying coefficients for Colombia between 2006 and 2023. It then estimates the ERPT during four specific depreciation events during the period of analysis: the 2008 financial crisis, the 2014-2016 fall in...

This study investigates the disconnect between falling agricultural commodity prices and persistent food inflation by applying a Heterogeneous Vector Autoregression (VAR) model to a panel of 203 countries using data from 1961 to 2022. It analyzes the impact of global crops, fertilizer, and oil...

This study aims to examine the context in which the exchange-rate pass-through influences domestic prices in Tunisia by applying vector error correction models. To ensure the robustness of the results obtained from the autoregressive model, additional diagnostic tests were performed. Our...

This paper empirically analyzes the key drivers of inflation in Kazakhstan by differentiating between demand and supply-driven factors contributing to headline inflation. Given that Kazakhstan is highly sensitive to adverse external fluctuations (due to its economic structure), our empirical...

By means of a fine-grained dataset linking exported product-level and firm-level data, this pa- per reconstructs the Chinese accumulation regimes at the microlevel in the period 2000-2013. After documenting a few macro stylized facts on the Chinese export-led accumulation regime in terms of the...

Persistent exchange rate depreciation and its debilitating effects on rising inflation have remained a concern in Nigeria. This article explores the effects of exchange rate pass-through on producer prices, consumer prices, export prices, import prices and the Taylor rule from 2000 to 2023,...

Using a representative sample of firms in Belgian manufacturing over 2001Q1-2017Q4, we study the effects of their international sourcing activities and domestic wages on their domestic output prices, as well as the effects of international sourcing on (relative) domestic wages. Controlling for...

Using highly disaggregated customs-transaction-level data, we study the importer price effects of tariffs in the context of preferential trade agreements for South African imports of frozen bone-in chicken. We focus first on the firm-level impact of tariffs on import prices. Findings suggest no...

This Staff Memo presents an indicator used for monitoring and forecasting inflation at Norges Bank. The indicator is designed to capture international price impulses that impact the input costs of domestic firms. Our analysis indicates that the marked increase in the cost of imported...

Developing a comprehensive international trade database is crucial for economic analysis, as trade activities are important drivers for the competitiveness and dynamism of an economy's productive structure. At present, import-export data are available from the COMTRADE database, maintained by...

The degree of pass-through of input cost changes is relevant in several contexts, including estimating antitrust damages and evaluating the impact of changes in taxation. In recent antitrust cases it has been alleged that the adoption of focal pricing by firms reduces the degree of pass-through...