Numerous recently uncovered cartels operated along the supply chain, with firms at one end facilitating collusion at the other - hub-and-spoke arrangements. These cartels are hard to rationalize because they induce double marginalization and higher costs. We examine Canada's alleged bread cartel...

Numerous recently uncovered cartels operated along the supply chain, with firms at one end facilitating collusion at the other - hub-and-spoke arrangements. These cartels are hard to rationalize because they induce double marginalization and higher costs. We examine Canada's alleged bread cartel...

This study aimed to determine the practice on the marketing strategies in bakery operation among bakery operators in the municipality of Ajuy and Sara in the year 2018. This study used the researcher-made questionnaire to gather the data. Mean, frequency count, and t-test were the statistical...

Organizing your organization -- Fundraising perception and reality -- Nonprofit basics -- A fundraising overview -- Plans and priorities -- Budgets -- Charitable giving -- Mastering the fundraising cycle -- Identify -- Cultivate -- Ask -- Steward -- Annual fundraising plan -- Case for support --...

"On any given day in Jordan, more than nine million residents eat approximately ten million loaves of khubz 'arabi--the slightly leavened flatbread known to many as pita. Some rely on this bread to avoid starvation, for others it is a customary pleasure. Yet despite its ubiquity in accounts of...

"Egyptians often say that bread is life; most eat this staple multiple times a day, many relying on the cheap bread subsidized by the government. In Staple Security, Jessica Barnes explores the process of sourcing domestic and foreign wheat for the production of bread and its consumption across...

In a field experiment with a retail chain (1,300 employees, 193 shops), randomly selected sales teams received a bonus. The bonus increases both sales and number of customers dealt with by 3%. Each dollar spent on the bonus generates $3.80 in sales, and $2.10 in profit. Wages increase by 2.2%...

Bread was the staple of the ancient Mediterranean diet. It was present in the meals of emperors and on the tables of the poorest households. In many instances, a loaf of bread probably constituted an entire meal. As such, bread was both something that unified society and a milieu through which...

1. Introduction: Chaînes Opératoires and the Making of Roman Bread -- 2. Baking as Cultural Heritage: Regional Variation in the Roman Production of Bread -- 3. Modes of Production: Bakeries as Factories and Workshops -- 4 Experiencing the Bakery: Training, Status, Labor, and Exploitation -- 5....

We test the effectiveness of team incentives by running a natural field experiment in a retail chain of 193 shops and 1,300 employees. As a response to intensified product market competition, the firm offered a bonus to shop teams for surpassing sales targets. A bonus to teams rather than...

We test the effectiveness of team incentives by running a natural field experiment in a retail chain of 193 shops and 1,300 employees. As a response to intensified product market competition, the firm offered a bonus to shop teams for surpassing sales targets. A bonus to teams rather than...

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of governmental market interventions in Serbia, among them a wheat export ban, on the country's integration into the international wheat market and the domestic wheat-to-bread supply chain during the global commodity price peaks in 2007/08 and...

Das Backgewerbe hebt sich durch eine große Zahl von kleinen und mittelgroßen Betrieben und durch eine hohe Beschäftigungsintensität von den anderen Branchen des Ernährungsgewerbes ab. Seit einigen Jahren ist jedoch ein deutlicher Strukturwandel auf dem Backwarenmarkt zu beobachten. Zentrale...

From the late 1950s through mid-1990s, productivity growth in U.S. grain milling and feed manufacturing has been consistently strong and positive. In grain milling, approximately 15% of the growth is due to size economies. Technical change has been capital-using, increasingly material-saving,...