Decline in the school-age population due to demographic changes presents an opportunity to redirect resources within the education sector to improve access and quality. However, the experiences of countries that have gone through similar demographic transitions show that a shrinking student...

I examine whether trade can improve the impact of population growth on natural resources (NR) and welfare over time. Under autarky, population growth results in NR and welfare collapse over time, irrespective of the value of the returns to scale in the manufacturing sector, ϕ. Under trade, NR...

I examine whether trade can improve the impact of population growth on natural resources (NR) and welfare over time. Under autarky, population growth results in NR and welfare collapse over time, irrespective of the value of the returns to scale in the manufacturing sector, ϕ. Under trade, NR...

What ignited humanity's momentous ascent from millennia of stagnation to an era of sustained economic growth? And what are the roots of the vast disparities in the wealth of nations? These enduring mysteries, which have preoccupied scholars across generations, lie at the core of Unified Growth...

Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi is proposing very restrictive migration policies. This paper argues that, given Japan's past migration strategy, large-scale immigration will become unavoidable. By contrast, other countries facing similar structural labour shortages will be able to respond not only...

Demographic ageing, a topic that is intensively addressed in the scientific literature, significantly influences the functioning of economic systems. Demographic ageing directly impacts the labour supply, productivity, savings, investments and the sustainability of public finances through...

This paper identifies existing labour market challenges associated with ageing in Europe and Central Asia. It presents a general overview and provides ideas to stimulate social dialogue. In 2024, there were 28 persons aged 65 years and above per 100 persons aged 15 to 64 years and this ratio is...

Migration remains one of the most politicized and misunderstood phenomena in contemporary public discourse. This essay interrogates four persistent myths that continue to shape migration narratives: that global migration is historically unprecedented; that we are facing a large-scale refugee...

Using a standard macro model with overlapping generations in the manner of Blanchard–Yaari, we show that by broadening the labour supply on the extensive margin through longevity adjustment of the statutory retirement age, labour supply is likely to decrease on the intensive margin. However,...

This paper explores how the three megatrends will affect the people of MENA and how, through emerging Human Development (HD) policies, the region can shape these trends and harness new opportunities while managing the risks. It first delves into the impacts of aging, climate change, and...

Migration remains one of the most politicized and misunderstood phenomena in contemporary public discourse. This essay interrogates four persistent myths that continue to shape migration narratives: that global migration is historically unprecedented; that we are facing a large-scale refugee...

This paper investigates the role of proportional reinsurance as a practical and flexible tool for managing demographic risk in life insurance, with a focus on its impact on both the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) and expected profitability. While much of the existing literature focuses on...

As the EU launches its Pact for the Mediterranean, this JRC report explores the interconnected areas of demography, migration, and education in the region, highlighting their significant implications for cooperation between the EU and Southern Mediterranean countries. The report provides a...

As the EU launches its Pact for the Mediterranean, this JRC report explores the interconnected areas of demography, migration, and education in the region, highlighting their significant implications for cooperation between the EU and Southern Mediterranean countries. The report provides a...

This study investigates the formation of European identity across European regions between 2019 and 2024. Drawing on Self-Categorization and Social Identity Theory, European identity (EI) is conceptualized as a collective identity rooted in shared democratic values, human rights, and the rule of...

This study presents a comprehensive methodological approach to construct a composite index of demographic ageing, with a particular focus on Romania in comparison to the other 26 Member States of the European Union (EU). Drawing on data from 2000 to 2022, the research integrates multiple...

As populations age, the sustainability of long-term care systems increasingly depends on the availability of informal care, particularly from partners. This paper addresses the question of how much care we may expect partners to provide in the future by projecting demand for long-term care...

This study examines whether there are common economic characteristics shared by populists upon assuming power and investigates the impact of these policies on the economy. The research focuses on four key characteristics associated with populism: Protectionism and Globalization, The Economics of...

Recent tourism gentrification has been attributed to an increase in extreme short-term rentals through P2P digital platforms. Although many tourist cities have implemented regulations on short-term rentals, several studies have shown the ineffectiveness of those regulations. This study aimed to...

This report examines the demographic elements associated with the "right to stay" concept, as introduced by Enrico Letta. It has a particular focus on how demographic decline and migration patterns intersect and influence one another at European, national, regional and local levels. The findings...