We estimate the long-term intergenerational mobility (IM) in Brazil, by mesoregion, utiliz ing the methodology developed by Güell, Mora and Telmer (2015) and Güell et al. (2018). Benefiting from the unique features of Brazil, such as data availability on income, edu cation, full names, our...

This paper examines whether monetary policy shocks affect CO₂ emissions over time in Brazil. We show that CO₂ emissions decline persistently following contractionary monetary policy shocks. The relationship between monetary policy and CO₂ emissions in Brazil is assessed through two...

Context: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has accelerated the integration of automation technologies into the world of work, raising important questions about the future of Vocational Education and Training (VET). While existing literature has primarily focused on the labor market impacts of...

This study examines the relationship between financial risk tolerance and organizational resilience among small business managers in the Brazilian Northeast, a region strongly affected by economic fragility and intensified uncertainty during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a positivist,...

This paper studies how improvements in regulatory information systems affect credit allocation in rural financial markets. In 2021, the Central Bank of Brazil introduced major enhancements to the Rural Credit Bureau, first by integrating geospatial data on borrowers’ plots with national...

Does industrial activity drive deforestation and land degradation, and can limited state capacity be overcome to decouple economic growth from environmental harm? We examine these questions in the context of slaughterhouse plant openings in Brazil from 1994 to 2019. Guided by a simple conceptual...

We study the causal effect of maternal criminal victimization on child health using linked police reports and birth records from Brazil. Focusing on robbery and theft - everyday crimes not involving physical injury - we show that victimization during pregnancy increases low birthweight by 6.9...

Empirical studies of racial wage disparities typically rely on self-reported race and treat racial categories as fixed. This paper shows that racial classification in the labor market is produced by social perception, and that modeling this perception process is essential for measuring wage...

How do import tariffs affect employment? We develop an empirical strategy to identify the effects of tariffs using difference-in-differences, comparing anti-dumping (AD) investigations resulting in dumping tariffs to those not resulting in dumping tariffs. We find that an AD tariff decreases...

Local content policies (LCPs) are key instruments of industrial policy used by middle-income countries (MICs) to capture segments of global value chains (GVCs). While, in principle, LCPs are very similar, in practice, they are highly diverse. What to prioritize, how to measure it, while...

The opportunistic use of insider information generates adverse effects on capital markets, making its mitigation through robust corporate governance practices. This research analyzes the corporate governance mechanisms that reduce the signs of opportunistic insider trading, grounded in the...

The rise of fintech lenders has intensified competition in the banking industry. This study utilizes Brazilian bank-level data to examine the causal impact of increased competition on commercial banks’ lending rates and profitability. Employing a bank-specific Bartik exposure, constructed from...

This report, developed under the World Bank’s technical assistance program “Financial and Private Sector Development Policies for Fostering Sustainable Growth in Brazil,” examines strategies for strengthening disaster risk financing in response to floods. It provides an overview of federal...

This report examines the design and implementation of Devolve ICMS, a state-level personalized value added tax (VAT) cashback program in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through the lens of the World Bank’s G2Px framework. Using administrative data, a representative beneficiary survey, and...

This brief examines how gender-responsive public procurement can serve as a powerful mechanism for women’s economic empowerment. Public procurement of goods and services represents one of the largest single markets in most economies, yet women-owned businesses capture less than 2 percent of...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the speed at which credit unions adjust their capital ratios.The systemic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-Sys) was applied to 704 Brazilian individual credit unions from 2014 to 2022, with a total of 5,864 observations.The results indicate that the...

Emerging economies face significant challenges in securing financial resources for green industrial transformation. This paper demonstrates that firm-level financial constraints systematically generate both emissions gaps and implementation gaps, constituting a first-order determinant of...

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the conditional correlation between Bitcoin and BOVA11 (a Brazilian stock market ETF that has seen a significant increase in foreign investors) across the pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods. This analysis allowed us to...

This paper investigates poverty dynamics in Brazil, highlighting how the frequency and patterns of movements into and out of poverty shape our understanding of stratification, social mobility, and the design of public policies. Using PNADC microdata from 2015 to 2020, we develop and implement an...

This study advances a quantitative political economy analysis of development banking within federative systems, focusing on Brazil's National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES). Moving beyond traditional fiscal transfer models, we investigate the mechanisms through which federal...

We study how Venezuelan refugee inflows affect healthcare outcomes and municipal public finances in Brazil's universal, decentralized public healthcare system. For identification, we exploit cross-municipality variation in refugee exposure and use distance to Brazil's only official border...

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes aim to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty by fostering human capital accumulation among children in vulnerable households. However, due to data limitations, evidence on their long-run effects remains scarce. This paper contributes to...

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is an internationally known tool for organizing and governing marine spaces and activities, economic or otherwise, carried out in these spaces. Being a public process of mapping and analyzing the maritime area that involves multiple interests, actors and factors, it...

We estimate the impact of infrastructure investment on conflict using 163 hydroelectric dams in Brazil (2002–2022). Leveraging the staggered rollout of construction in a difference-in-differences framework, we find that dams trigger sharp, temporary surges in land invasions, water disputes,...

This paper investigates whether left-leaning politicians are more effective than their rightleaning counterparts in reducing deforestation in the Legal Amazon in Brazil. Using data from 760 Amazon municipalities and a regression discontinuity approach based on close elections, it finds that...

Background: Immunobiologicals are thermolabile products that require strict storage and transportation conditions to maintain their immunogenic efficacy, particularly in countries where logistical and operational challenges are evident, such as Brazil. Methods: A holistic multiple case study,...

We challenge the view that the negative correlation between firm quality and separation rates reflects efficient separations. Using Brazilian administrative data, we show that this correlation is driven by lower layoff rates at high-quality firms, not differences in quits. We develop a job...

Lipscomb, Mobarak, and Barham (2013) document large positive effects of electrification in Brazil due to broad-based improvements in labor productivity. They instrument electrification by simulating a hypothetical power grid roll-out driven solely by geographic factors. Their estimates are not...

This paper explores the environmental consequences of illegal drug production, specifically focusing on the impact of coca prices and cultivation on tree cover density in Peru. Using satellite imagery and granular data on the economic value of coca cultivation, I show that fluctuations in coca...

International forums hosted by Brazil, such as the G20 Meeting in November 2024 and the COP30 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November 2025, indicate the country's need for a rapid transition to a more sustainable economy in several dimensions. In this paper, we...

In the current context of the complexity of municipal management, the sustainable development of communities and compliance with the "2030 Agenda" objectives are essential. These objectives aim to reduce the negative environmental impact of cities by the year 2030, with special attention to...