This paper examines the short-term macroeconomic and sectoral effects of extreme weather events in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. We construct novel indicators of extreme temperature and precipitation based on percentile thresholds of long-run historical distributions and estimate their...

This article studies the role of environmental and religious factors in the occurrence of pastoralist conflict in Nigeria using panel data at the 0.5 x 0.5° grid cell level between 1997 and 2020. The empirical analysis provides robust evidence that the occurrence of droughts does not raise the...

Less or more rain, forever pain? This paper examines the long-run and intergenerational effects of early-life exposure to droughts and wet shocks on human capital outcomes over the life course. Combining a unique three-decade longitudinal survey of pregnant mothers in Metropolitan Cebu, the...

Climate change impacts are intensifying worldwide, with the harshest consequences borne by vulnerable developing countries that face high exposure and limited capacity to adapt. Although international agreements commit wealthy donor countries to provide adaptation finance, actual transfers...

Drought conditions have affected large parts of south-eastern Europe, the eastern Mediterranean, and the Black Sea since early 2025, with a partial and temporary recovery in late spring and another worsening in early summer, with concern for the coming months. Above-average temperatures in...

Changing weather patterns pose a fundamental challenge to electricity systems reliant on water resources. Using two decades of plant-level generation and fuel input data matched to hydrological basins in Chile, we show that local droughts reduce hydro output by about 20% on average and trigger...

This paper examines the long-term impacts of early-life drought exposure on the human capital and socioeconomic outcomes of women born in the Arab Republic of Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco across more than five decades. Using a pooled cross-section of 13 rounds of the Demographic and Health...

This paper examines the impact of negative precipitation shocks (droughts) on labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa region. Using Labor Force Survey data across five countries over approximately 25 years and matched with fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis produced by the...

We combine 2008-2023 county-level yield data with 30-meter crop classification imagery to test whether crop diversity mitigates yield losses from weather shocks. Diversity is measured with the exponential Shannon index, capturing county-level species richness and evenness as the effective number...

Climatic shocks exacerbate consumption volatility and seasonality. When facing fluctuations in labor needs and prices, low-income rural households may rationally increase their consumption during specific seasons rather than maintaining it constant throughout the year. This makes the optimal...

This working paper examines financial tools for drought risk management in the water sector, focusing on meso-level stakeholders like water utilities, irrigation associations, and reservoir operators. While existing literature often concentrates on micro and macro-level financing, this paper...

In 2015, Southern Africa experienced a drought that affected approximately 30 million people across seven countries. Using a nationally representative household panel survey data set and a remotely sensed measure of drought intensity during the 2015-16 farming season, we rigorously estimate the...

Severe droughts are currently affecting most of northern Africa, large regions in southern Africa including in particular the Zambezi basin and northern Madagascar, and some regions in central-western Africa and East-Africa. The average temperature is abnormally higher than usual. Heatwaves and...

Drought conditions are affecting large parts of eastern and southern Europe, the Mediterranean region, and the Baltic countries. Northern Africa and the Middle East are severely affected too. • Recent above-average temperatures in Scandinavia, the Baltic countries, the Alps, the eastern...

Drought conditions are affecting large parts of central, northern, and eastern Europe as well as northern Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, and the Middle East. Recent above-average temperatures in western Europe have exacerbated the effects of the prolonged lack of precipitation, particularly...

Uruguay recently confronted the impact of a once-in-a-century severe drought, which affected key agricultural areas, and caused significant direct losses to the agricultural sector, especially for soybean production and cattle farming - important exports in Uruguay's trade matrix. From October...

In 2015, Southern Africa experienced a drought that affected approximately 30 million people across seven countries. Using a nationally representative household panel survey dataset and a remotely sensed measure of drought intensity during the 2015/16 farming season, we rigorously estimate the...

Preserving ecosystem services and economic and environmental benefits will require future landscape policies to identify and incorporate specific landscape features. In this paper we define the term, agricultural landscape simplification, as the reduced compositional and configurational...

Promoting household-level adaptation measures is an important part of climate change adaptation policies to reduce vulnerability to droughts for (agro-)pastoral communities in sub-Saharan Africa. To develop effective supportive policies, it is important to get a better understanding of the needs...

Every year, 245 million women are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Climate change is hypothesized to exacerbate this figure through its disruptive impact on household livelihoods, among other channels. However, little causal evidence exists on this aspect of the climate-gender nexus,...

The Drought Risk and Resilience Assessment (DRRA) offers a structured methodology for evaluating drought risk and enhancing resilience. The objective is to transition from reactive to proactive drought management, reducing the impacts of droughts. When applied, a DRRA can support task teams and...

Over the past 50 years, the number of drought events in Romania has increased, with their impact on the population, economy, and environment being intensified by climate change. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the hazard and current and future drought risks in Romania. It...

Using a novel dataset in a difference-in-differences framework, I study the political implications of the change in policies protecting drought-impacted communities in Tunisia in 3088 districts. In 2016, the Tunisian government had drastically reduced support to farmers affected by droughts. I...

This study investigated the impacts of a farmer field school (FFS) programme focused on farm forestry in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) in Kenya from 2017 to 2020. Specifically, we examined whether this agricultural extension approach enhanced livelihood diversification and reduced...

Global chokepoints such as the Panama Canal propagate drought shocks into supply chains, yet disruptions to shipments remain poorly investigated. We examine the impact of supply chain disruptions induced by the 2022-2023 Panama Canal drought on Asia-United States (US) trade flows. We fuse...

How costly are droughts to adults' nutrition in Africa? Do people adapt to recurring droughts? We measure severe droughts using detailed satellite-based index of greening observed bi-monthly on a relatively high-resolution 0.083 degree grid between 1982 and 2015, that captures persistent and...

This paper investigates the effect of climate risks on China's agricultural and food trade. The motivation is to analyse the linking between various climate risks and agri-food sectoral trade using climate-agriculture-trade for China and provide more specific policies to mitigate the negative...

After severe and prolonged droughts that affected northern Africa during the last 6 years and Europe for over 2 years, drought conditions are back again in large parts of Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean region, eastern Europe and the Baltic countries. Recent above-average temperatures...