This paper studies the impact of US interstate bank branching deregulation on school finance and student achievement, leveraging the deregulation as a state tax revenue shock. Total revenue and expenditure increase following the deregulation. The revenue increase stems mainly from higher state...

This study examines the dynamics of economic freedom in nine advanced democracies in comparison to China over the 1970-2022 period. Using data from the Fraser Institute and the Manifesto Project Database, we apply a Bayesian time-series methodology to identify three key patterns. First, economic...

The European Union Emissions Trading System is set to substantially increase the effective carbon price faced by airlines. To quantify the impact of this carbon regulation on the European airline industry, we estimate a two-stage model of airline competition with endogenous route entry, flight...

The non-CO2 aviation emissions (mainly contrails) can, in total, be up to twice as damaging for climate as the CO2 emissions associated to the use of kerosene. As the warming effect of the non-CO2 emissions depends strongly on metereological conditions, it is difficult to attribute the non-CO2...

This paper argues that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has outlived the economic and technological conditions that justified its creation. The monopolistic telephone and spectrumscarcity environments of 1934 have been replaced by dynamic, intermodal competition across broadband,...

This paper links microeconomic theory with the political economy of regulation. We explain why modern economies tend to become persistently over-regulated and we outline a practical strategy for deregulation. We argue that regulations are not the works of a benevolent central planner but rather...

Sweden's economic growth in relation to developments in the rest of the world exhibits three distinct phases over the past 170 years. From 1890 to 1950, Sweden experienced faster growth than comparable countries. This period of liberalization was followed by a phase of lagging behind until...

Mit der Amtsübernahme von Donald Trump zeichnet sich eine Entwicklung der US‑Technologiepolitik ab, die für Deutschland und Europa eine Gefahr darstellt. Die großen US-Technologiekonzerne scheinen willens, Trumps Bemühen um eine autoritäre Umgestaltung der USA mitzutragen - als...

The employment share of legal services in the U.S. more than doubled during 1970–1990, in stark contrast to stability during 1850–1970 and after 1990. The relative wage of lawyers and law firm partners also doubled between 1970 and 1990. We argue that this demand shift was driven by...

Argentina has been characterised for a long time by inflation, recession, poverty and failed reforms. We analyse the reforms of Javier Milei with the help of the Austrian School of Economics, German ordoliberalism and the theory of financial repression. It is shown that Milei’s reforms have...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

Heterogeneous interconnections, which link regulated electricity markets to liberalised ones, are becoming increasingly important. Several such interconnections are set to be established in the near future especially between European and North African countries (e.g., Tunisia-Italy,...

Electricity sectors in many developing countries are stuck in a vicious cycle of low prices, financial insolvency, and unreliable service. India’s state-owned utilities are emblematic of this problem, costing the government billions in bailouts while delivering poor electricity reliability....

In the last decades, the governance of national electricity systems in Europe has experienced several shifts between market liberalization and policy intervention. However, there remains a lack of consistent evidence about impacts of electricity market governance on the performance of...

This paper studies how liberalising outward foreign direct investments (FDI) affects manufacturers’ engagement in global production and their domestic workers’ labor market outcomes. Focusing on a liberalisation policy in 2001 by the government of Taiwan that allowed 122 electronic products...

This paper investigates the impact of job protection deregulation on firms' productivity, leveraging a size-based cutoff in the eligibility criteria of a pivotal 2014 labor market reform in Italy. The reform replaced reinstatement requirements with a progressive compensation system for unjust...

This paper examines the effects of Argentina's repeal of the rental law in December 2023, one of the most radical housing policy reforms in Latin America in recent decades. Using weekly data for Buenos Aires from 2023-2024 and applying a Regression Discontinuity Design, we provide causal...

This paper examines the effects of Argentina's repeal of the rental law in December 2023, one of the most radical housing policy reforms in Latin America in recent decades. Using weekly data for Buenos Aires from 2023-2024 and applying a Regression Discontinuity Design, we provide causal...

Change ownership reforms for electric cooperatives (ECs) have once again attracted policymakers' interest due to current e!orts in expediting their privatization. This note serves as input to this ongoing conversation using the lens of competition. We argue that unchecked consolidation -...

The US-China direct flights in mid-2023 were only 7 percent of those available in mid-2019. This quasi-experiment informs the debate on air transport de-carbonization. An estimated structural model shows that re-establishing the pre-pandemic direct connectivity could increase passengers by 387...

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die in Deutschland vorherrschenden sozio-kulturellen Ursachen für Bürokratie und Überbürokratisierung und kommt unter anderem zu dem Ergebnis: Dort, wo es Spielräume bei Entscheidungen gibt, nutzt die Verwaltung sie nur sehr vorsichtig und zurückhaltend....

Business power is thought to increase over time when private actors are involved in the provision of public goods and services. This paper argues that this is partially true-and that in certain circumstances, state actors can even swiftly regain control of sectors previously ceded to private...

Over the last century, the United States has witnessed three approaches to achieving better regulatory outcomes: the removal of "economic" regulations in certain sectors; regulatory impact analysis (RIA) of new "social" regulations; and retrospective analysis of existing regulations. This...

Achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the energy system requires substantial electrification of transportation and many industrial applications, utilizing net-zero generation resources in conjunction with net-zero gas and heat systems. This paper describes and evaluates a centralized...

This study investigates the dynamic effect of economic liberalization, privati‑ zation, and globalization on the export performance of Ethiopian manufacturing firms. We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the direct and indirect influences between these macroeconomic reforms and...

How does electricity market integration affect cross-border electricity flows, wholesale prices and renewable electricity generation? We employ a synthetic control method to contribute to literature on electricity market integration using the 2018 integration of Ireland's Single Electricity...

This study investigates how credit to firms responds to an energy price shock by comparing the credit growth of similar firms with different energy intensities before and after the shock triggered by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Credit growth of energy-intensive firms declined by 8.75...

This paper investigates the impact of services sector liberalization on product innovation of downstream manufacturing firms. Leveraging firm-product panel data from India and employing a shift-share research design, I find that services liberalization significantly increases firms’ product...