Borrowing in foreign currency has historically induced a large currency mismatch on emerging economies' balance sheets, leading to financial instability and economic crises. Nonetheless, emerging market sovereigns still borrow a substantial amount in foreign currency. In fact, in this paper, we...

This paper explores the role of restrictions on the use of international reserves as economic sanctions. We develop a simple model of the strategic game between a sanctioning (creditor) country and a sanctioned (debtor) country. We show how the sanctioning country should impose restrictions...

The opening up of an economy to the rest of the world has generally been considered an integral part of economic reform aimed at increasing the role of markets. Until recently, however, very little discussion was devoted to the order in which the capital and current account should be liberalized...

Lending to corporates in foreign currencies can expose banks to substantial currency risk. Using global syndicated loan data, we find that a one-standard-deviation increase in exchange rate volatility increases loan spreads by approximately 20 basis points for loans made in a currency different...

International economic relation and trade are occurred in different currency system. The currency of one country may not be tendered in another country. So, the natural person or organization requires buying the currency of target country. In fact it is the process of converting one currency...

Zwischen 1961 und 1974 schlossen die Bundesrepublik und die USA acht Offset-Abkommen. Im Rahmen dieser Abkommen erwarb die Bundesrepublik Rüstungsgüter und US-Staatsanleihen, um die Devisenkosten der in der Bundesrepublik stationierten US-Truppen zu kompensieren. Im übergeordneten Sinne...

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Chapter 1 An Introduction to Financial Institutions, Instruments, and Markets -- The Role of an Economic System -- A Command Economy -- A Market Economy --...

This paper studies the violation of the most basic no-arbitrage condition in international finance - Covered Interest Parity (CIP). To understand the CIP conundrum, it is key to (i) account for funding frictions in U.S. dollar money markets, and (ii) to study the challenges of swap...

This paper studies the violation of the most basic no-arbitrage condition in international finance — Covered Interest Parity (CIP). We find that the CIP puzzle largely stems from funding liquidity differences, reflected in the marginal funding rates of the main arbitrageurs. With severe...

The mechanics of bank lending to resident borrowers in foreign currency in order to buy properties for domestic currency is given. It is shown that a bank may open a virtual position in a foreign currency, even not having the foreign currency in its vaults. Herewith, virtual cash flows and...

Dollarization-the use of foreign currencies as a medium of exchange, store of value, or unit of account-is a notable feature of financial development under macroeconomically fragile conditions. It has emerged as a key factor explaining vulnerabilities and currency crises, which have long been...

In this paper, we investigate whether foreign currency accounts help overcome credit constraints in developing countries. We analyze a novel bank-level data set from Nepal, where a steady inflow of remittances has contributed to foreign currency deposits on commercial bank balance sheets. In...

In this paper, we investigate whether foreign currency accounts help overcome credit constraints in developing countries. We analyze a novel bank-level data set from Nepal, where a steady inflow of remittances has contributed to foreign currency deposits on commercial bank balance sheets. In...

This book is an update of the Guidelines published in 2001. It sets forth the underlying framework for the Reserves Data Template, and provides operational advice for its use. The updated version also includes three new appendices aimed at assisting member countries in reporting the required data

Basic concepts -- Sterling : its historical role, and the decline that led to a change in the law -- The euro zone -- The change in English law introduced by miliangos and its forebears -- Contract -- Tort -- Restitution and unjust enrichment -- The law of trusts and fiduciaries -- Claims...

1. Renminbi Internationalization index -- 2. Current situation of the internationalization of the renminbi -- 3. Public opinions and observations -- 4. Currency internationalization and offshore market : historical implications -- 5. Current situation and the future of the offshore RMB market --...

Alle Finanzprodukte werden in diesem Bestseller prägnant erläutert und durch viele Schaubilder übersichtlich dargestellt. Finanznachrichten gehen alle etwas an - denn schliesslich ist jeder direkt oder indirekt vom Geschehen an den Finanzmärkten betroffen. Der erfolgreiche...

This paper examines the role and factors of seasonality in tourist revenues in the case of Greece. The empirical analysis of the current research is conducted using quarterly data for the period 1960:I 2005:IV. Osborn et. al. (1998), Miron (1994) and Hylleberg et. al. (1990) tests for seasonal...

This paper considers the risk management problem of an investor who holds a diversified portfolio of global equities or bonds and chooses long or short positions in currencies to manage the risk of the total portfolio. Over the period 1975-2005, we find that a risk-minimizing global equity...