The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) leads to higher electricity prices and thus higher costs for electricity-intensive industries in the EU, reducing their competitiveness compared to those in non-EU countries. This disparity may result in carbon leakage, where production shifts abroad,...

This paper serves as a comprehensive reference for users of the Swiss Household Energy Demand Survey (SHEDS). SHEDS was conducted annually from 2016 to 2021, followed by two waves in 2023 and 2025; two further waves are scheduled in 2027 and 2029. So far, it provides a panel dataset of eight waves...

Many emerging economies seek to lower carbon intensity while remaining heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This paper examines how sustainable finance, eco-innovation, and the energy mix shape Tunisia's low-carbon transition. We use quarterly data for 2000-2023 and an econometric...

We estimate the economic consequences of electricity blackout scenarios on the automotive industry and the Slovak economy. Our estimates of inoperability of the automotive sector range from 2.9 % to 4.2 % across regions on the first day of the blackout, while the overall inoperability of the...

This report contributes to the World Bank flagship report “Accelerating Access to Clean Air for a Livable Planet” and focuses on the residential sector energy use. The significance of this report stems from the critical role residential energy use plays in ambient air quality. The dispersed...

This study investigates technical efficiency scores and performance change patterns by applying the tourism-induced Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to the Eurozone from 1996 to 2019. The study uses direct employment in tourism and capital investment spending directly related to the travel and...

Over the past few years, with the recovery from the COVID-19 and the global energy crisis, households in the EU have faced sharp increases in the prices of necessities such as energy and food. These pressures compound a longer-term housing affordability crisis. Despite the abundance of...

This paper assesses the impact of the Swiss CO2 levy on residential heating energy demand and the associated CO2 emissions. Using the synthetic control method, the results show that the levy led to an average annual reduction in CO2 emissions of 6.5% during the post-treatment period (2008-2021),...