During the COVID-19 pandemic the US federal government appropriated $189.5 billion in emergency aid to school districts. These funds were supplied to help districts replace lost revenues and to mitigate the harmful effects of the pandemic on learning and other measures of district performance....

We study whether religiosity is associated with greater economic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using county-level data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages and the Bureau of Economic Analysis from 2016 to 2024, together with the Religion Census in 2010 and 2020, we...

The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes one of the most significant exogenous shocks to global financial markets in recent history, raising questions about the robustness of market efficiency under extreme uncertainty. This study examines whether the pandemic affected the weak-form efficiency of the...

The COVID-19 pandemic was a major shock for working parents, who faced sudden disruptions in both their work environment and their children's schooling. We study the effect of remote schooling on parental labor market outcomes in Sweden, a setting characterized by minimal COVID-related...

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant weaknesses in Germany's ability to generate timely, equity-sensitive evidence at the household level. While national surveillance systems produced daily counts of confirmed cases, hospitalisations, and deaths, they offered little insight into the social...

We examine the role of household-level social norms regarding women's mobility in determining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's employment. The shock of the pandemic containment measures, such as India's nationwide lockdown caused both supply- and demandside disruptions. Nationally...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused market turmoil and economic distress. To understand the effect of the pandemic on the U.S. financial systemic risk, we analyze the explanatory power of detailed COVID-19 data on three market-based systemic risk measures (SRMs): Conditional Value at Risk, Distress...

This study examines the impact of changes in shareholder wealth and risks in cultural and creative industries (C&CIs) from an investor's perspective, testing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using weekly data on cultural and creative stocks in the Taiwan stock market and empirical studies...

Purpose - This research aims to examine the relationship between ethical leadership and employee emotional stability during a pandemic crisis in the hospitality industry, with a chain-mediating effect of perceived emotional support and employee satisfaction with organization COVID-19 responses....

This study examines the effects of Islamic finance on the resilience of Cameroonian SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war. Analyzing data from 1358 SMEs using a multivariate probit model, we find that Islamic finance significantly boosts strategies like online marketing,...

Previous studies on working from home (WFH) and employee well-being have produced extremely conflicting results. We hypothesize that giving workers a choice over whether to use WFH plays a crucial role in the consequences for well-being. This perspective has a series of testable implications for...

The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed the global focus on the role of public health spending, particularly in developing regions where fiscal space is mostly limited. Many African countries have started reassessing the health sector as a core economic resilience component. This study examines how...

This study examines the dynamics of equity market volatility and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using daily return data for sectoral indices and the JSE All Share Index (ALSI) from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2022, the analysis explores both...

Meningococcal meningitis is a deadly acute bacterial infection caused by the Neisseria meningitidis bacterium that affects the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. The World Health Organization launched the "Defeating bacterial meningitis by 2030" initiative in 2018, which relies on...