This Policy Brief explores the intertwined effects of trade and technological change (notably robotics and AI) on employment, highlighting a growing divergence between the number of jobs supported by exports and the declining labour intensity of exports in recent years. The decline in labour...

Seit Jahren steigt in Deutschland der Anteil der Menschen, die nach dem Renteneintritt weiterhin erwerbstätig sind. Das ist angesichts des demografischen Wandels ein positiver Trend. Jedoch wollen und können nicht alle Älteren bis zum gesetzlichen Renteneintrittsalter und darüber hinaus...

We present evidence that shared institutional and economic contexts may be at least as important as culturally rooted gender equality norms for the size of the motherhood penalty. Our study covers child migrants and children of immigrants in Sweden, and while the results point to a moderate but...

Die Erwerbsbeteiligungsquote der Über-65-Jährigen in Deutschland liegt merklich unter dem Durchschnitt der OECD-Staaten. Um die Erwerbsbeteiligung älterer Menschen zu steigern, wären folgende Maßnahmen denkbar: eine Erhöhung der Abschläge und Zuschläge bei Renteneintritt vor oder nach...

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie ist die Aktualisierung der IW-Arbeitsmarktfortschreibung mit den neuesten verfügbaren Daten bis zum Jahr 2023 auf Basis der Methodik von Burstedde (2023). Die Fortschreibung zeigt auf, wie sich Beschäftigung und Fachkräftelücke in den fünf Jahren bis 2028...

In recent years, research opportunities in labour economics have expanded, due to the availability of large datasets capturing online job vacancies. While not a replacement for well-established labour market surveys, online job vacancy data have several advantages. They contain information that...

Aus dem einleitenden Teil: "Als Basis für eine mittelfristige Schätzung des Qualifizierungsbedarfs erarbeitet das Österreichische Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (WIFO) im Auftrag des AMS Österreich regelmäßig Prognosen der Beschäftigungsentwicklung nach Berufsgruppen, Branchen und...

This study analyzes earnings volatility in Austria from 1980 to 2018, providing a comprehensive view of individual income instability and its demographic and structural determinants. Using administrative data, we examine volatility trends by gender, age, earnings deciles, and employment...

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the global economy, with variable effects on economic growth, employment, and inflation rates in different countries and regions. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region experienced the most severe consequences for economic growth and employment,...

The usefulness of G2P payments for supporting account activity as part of financial inclusion has been well-recognised in the literature. However, not much empirical evidence is available to support this contention. To inform the debate, the study uses repeated cross-sectional survey data for...

Existing evidence points to a positive correlation between specific regulations and income inequality at a country or regional level, but little is known about how overall regulatory burden affects inequality at the local labor market level. Our study fills this gap by measuring local exposure...

The green transition is set to transform labour markets, yet its impact remains difficult to measure. This paper critically examines the occupational approach-based on task-based measures-which is the most widely used framework among researchers and institutions for estimating green employment....

Relying on a reform that increased parental leave generosity, we estimate workplace peer effects in the use of leave, with a focus on fathers. Coworker fathers are more likely to take parental leave when exposed to a higher share of peer fathers, who are exogenously affected by the reform. This...

Bangladesh has made notable developmental progress over the past two decades. Economic growth has been among the top 10 percent globally, and poverty has been reduced by 80 percent over the same period. Exports also saw a dramatic jump from US 6.5 billion dollars in 2000 to US 57.5 billion...

This paper examines rural non-farm employment in Rajasthan, India, using multiple surveys and administrative data. The analysis covers three key aspects: individual and district-level determinants of participation in non-farm activities, the relationship between non-farm employment and household...

This paper analyzes the role of health for refugees' integration into host societies' labor markets. We exploit the quasi-random dispersal policies of refugees across regions in Germany to analyze the causal effect of health on employment. Based on regional and temporal heterogeneity in a policy...

As technological advances accelerate and labour demands shift, the ability of workers to reallocate across occupations will be crucial for shaping labour market dynamics, inequality, and effective policy design. In this paper, we develop a tractable equilibrium model of the labour market that...

This paper investigates the evolution of ethnic wage gaps among men and women in the UK over the period 1993-2023. The results show reductions in wage gaps among all South Asian groups, which are driven by higher educational attainment and occupational advancement. In contrast, wage gaps persist...

Most households in rural Africa are involved in smallholder farming, but off-farm employment is an important additional income source for many. Previous research has analyzed links between off-farm employment and wellbeing, but mostly at the household level, not considering that household...

We study how public pensions impact lifecycle labor supply decisions. Our analysis centers on pension eligibility rules in Ecuador. We first use administrative data to document and unpack retirement spikes at eligibility ages. Next, we use survey data and regression discontinuity to investigate...

In Germany, employment is becoming increasingly concentrated in urban areas, largely driven by knowledge-intensive firms competing to attract the most qualified and appropriate labour. Therefore, this paper addresses where knowledge workers relocate to and how relocation patterns vary across...

This paper models fair workweek regulations that require employers to provide employees with (1) schedule predictability via advance notice of their work schedule and premium payments for short-notice changes, and (2) access to hours meaning they must offer open hours to existing employees...

Models of female labor supply routinely assume that women have accurate expectations about post-birth employment, but little is known about whether this assumption holds. We use a 2019 state-contingent survey of 11,000 Danish women linked to administrative data to compare pre-birth beliefs to...

In this paper, we analyse how robotisation is associated with industry output and its production inputs. We therefore link data on employment, robotisation and input-output relations for 15 manufacturing industries across 35 countries. Analysing the decade prior to 2018, we show that robotising...

To promote early detection of diabetes and ameliorate the negative consequences of diabetes, some governments provide diabetes screenings. This paper contributes to the literature by being the first to investigate whether an issued warning affects the individual's employment status....

Aus dem einleitenden Teil: "Als Basis für eine mittelfristige Schätzung des Qualifizierungsbedarfs erarbeitet das Österreichische Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (WIFO) im Auftrag des AMS Österreich regelmäßig Prognosen der Beschäftigungsentwicklung nach Berufsgruppen, Branchen und...

"Making Refugee Self-Reliance Work: From Aid to Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa" advocates for the enhancement of refugee self-reliance as a strategic, humane, development approach to refugee assistance. Facilitating refugees' capacity to support themselves through gainful work not only upholds...

This study analyzes, for the first time, the effect of increases in the minimum wage on the labor market outcomes of working age adults with cognitive disabilities, a vulnerable and low-skilled sector of the actual and potential labor pool. Using data from the American Community Survey...

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie ist die Aktualisierung der IW-Arbeitsmarktfortschreibung mit den neuesten verfügbaren Daten bis zum Jahr 2023 auf Basis der Methodik von Burstedde (2023). Die Fortschreibung zeigt auf, wie sich Beschäftigung und Fachkräftelücke in den fünf Jahren bis 2028...

What motivates individuals to become entrepreneurs and create jobs? We develop and estimate a dynamic structural microeconometric model that accounts for both employer and non-employer entrepreneurs. Individuals in each period choose to work as an employee, as one of the two entrepreneur types,...

While extensive research on unemployment insurance (UI) has examined how benefits affect workers' job search, little is known about how eligibility conditions shape firms' hiring decisions. These conditions, often requiring a minimum work history, affect the value workers place on contracts...

This study analyzes, for the first time, the effect of increases in the minimum wage on the labor market outcomes of working age adults with cognitive disabilities, a vulnerable and low-skilled sector of the actual and potential labor pool. Using data from the American Community Survey...

While the Draghi report primarily focuses on increasing labour productivity, it also makes a compelling case for mitigating the decline in the workforce by using the untapped potential of labour force participation and employment. Forward-looking analyses of the EU labour force require taking...

The way we work is changing due to developments associated with the digital and green transition as well as demographic change, as a driver of current and future labour shortages. As these transitions impact job content, tasks and processes, they will change how people work, the skills needed to...