This paper estimates the causal impact of Brexit on migrant employment in the United Kingdom using a synthetic difference-in-differences (SDID) framework. We construct a counterfactual trajectory for the UK based on a weighted combination of comparable European economies and compare...

The minimum wage in Ireland increased every year from 2016 to 2025. We investigate whether these minimum wage increases led to a higher likelihood of minimum wage employees becoming unemployed or inactive. To do this, we implement a difference-in-differences methodology that compares the changes...

Does artificial intelligence (AI) increase productivity - and does it displace workers? We examine aggregate effects using administrative data covering essentially all U.S. employers in a difference-in-differences design exploiting occupational AI exposure across industries and states. A one...

This paper evaluates EU Cohesion Policy interventions during 2014-2020 using regression discontinuity design (RDD), exploiting funding thresholds at 75 and 90 percent of EU average GDP per capita across 281 NUTS-2 regions. The analysis examines nominal and real GDP per capita growth, GDP per...

Patriarchal attitudes persistently constrain women's employment outcomes in Turkey. This study investigates individual-level determinants of preferences for employment patriarchy using the World Values Survey (WVS) Wave 7 data for the Turkish case. An ordered probit model is utilized to quantify...

South Africa's shift to renewable energy has been characterised by significant structural changes, primarily through the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), which achieved considerable capacity by 2016. Although this green transition aligns with...

The transformation of the labor market driven by digital technology has profoundly affected workers' income. Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2014-2022 and the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) 2012-2018, this paper systematically examines the causal effects of...

There has been a dramatic rise in disability employment since the pandemic. At the same time, work from home (WFH) has risen four-fold. This paper asks whether the two are causally related. Controlling for compositional changes and labor market tightness, a 1 percentage point increase in WFH...

Utilizing nationally representative cross-sectional and longitudinal data from Finland (2018-2023), we provide a population-level assessment of the relationship between AI and worker wellbeing. Contrary to international evidence suggesting a positive or an inverted U-shaped relationship, we find...

This paper aims to provide evidence of the impact on the minimum wage to employment in Greece over the period 2016 to 2024. The main contribution of this paper is the examination of the effects of the minimum wage during a period characterized by many difficulties and research interest not only...

This study conducts a meta-analysis to assess the impact of tourism on employment, synthesizing 401 partial correlation coefficients extracted from 39 empirical studies. Employing partial correlation coefficients (PACs) as the effect size measure, the results indicate a modest but statistically...

Monetary policy asymmetrically affects the response of firms' employment to an output shock and plays a role in cushioning employment adjustment over the business cycle. Combining annual firmlevel data until 2020 with quarterly firm-level data until 2023 and highfrequency monetary policy...

Despite their advantages, multinational enterprises (MNEs) receive significant criticism, particularly with regard to offshoring jobs and shifting profits abroad to avoid taxation. Using administrative data for the universe of Norwegian and French firms and workers, we link these two issues by...

The rapid evolution of technology is reshaping labor markets by altering skill demands and job profiles. This paper introduces a novel skill-based measure of occupational technology intensity - the Occupational Technology Skill Share (OTSS) - that distinguishes between manual, digital, and...

This paper examines how declining migration opportunities to the United States affect local labor markets in Mexico. Using novel micro-level data from consular identification cards and deportations, we link individuals’ Mexican municipalities of origin to their U.S. destination states. We...

This paper analyzes the labor market effects of Mexico's 2019 minimum wage reform, which doubled wages in northern border municipalities. Using other northern municipalities with smaller wage adjustments as a comparison group, we examine changes in worker transitions across employment states....

We present the first representative international data on firm-level AI use. We survey almost 6,000 CFOs, CEOs, and executives from stratified firm samples across the US, UK, Germany, and Australia. We find four key facts. First, around 70 percent of firms actively use AI, particularly younger,...

The Welsh Government aims to increase employment and earnings as part of its 'Plan for Employability and Skills', and in order to help generate additional tax revenues that can help fund public services and investment. It also aims to reduce inequalities in employment and earnings, and has clear...

The Scottish Government aims to increase employment and earnings as part of its 'National Strategy for Economic Transformation' and in order to help generate additional tax revenues that can help fund public services and investment. It also has ambitious targets to significantly reduce poverty,...

This study examines the effects of the russia's full-scale invasion on the Ukrainian corporate labor market. We use the DID technique to analyze a panel data set of over 100,000 firms linked to geolocation and industry data spanning 2021-2024 and show how war harms the corporate labor market in...

The risk of a worker falling into unemployment represents one of the most important threats to the stability of households' finances - both in terms of lower spending (and hence living standards) and in terms of a greater degree of financial distress (such as the accumulation of unmanageable...

Women's employment remains highly sensitive to childcare constraints, making childcare availability a critical lever for supporting mothers' labor force attachment. We study the effects of expanded full-day programming in Head Start, using the 2016 federal funding initiative that targeted...

Drawing on data from the Georgian Labour Force Survey (2021-2022), this paper provides a detailed statistical profile of informal employment in Georgia and discusses its key drivers. Around four workers out of ten were informally employed in Georgia in 2022. The large majority (69 per cent) of...

Bangladesh is currently navigating a complex economic transition marked by high inflation, declining foreign exchange reserves, vulnerabilities in the financial sector and the impending graduation from Least Developed Country status in 2026. The labour market also faces persistent and...

The demand and supply of new skills—especially in IT and AI—are reshaping labor markets, impacting wages and hiring. About one in ten job vacancies in advanced economies demands at least one new skill, often appearing first in the United States. The incidence is about half in emerging...

This study evaluates the impact of Malta's 2014 childcare reform, a universal Free Childcare Scheme for children aged 3 months to 3 years, on female employment. Using a difference-in-differences (DD) framework and matched DD models, I find that the reform may have increased the probability of...

Using administrative longitudinal firm- and plant-level data from Mexico that links manufacturing firms to their customs records and covers the period 2014 - 2023, I examine whether US tariffs targeting China have contributed to a manufacturing revival in the southern part of North America....

We examine the impact of generative AI on the youth labor market in Finland by replicating the key analyses of Brynjolfsson et al. (2025) with comprehensive population-level data. Contrary to the US findings, we find no systematic displacement effects linked to AI exposure among youth in...