Das Ministerium für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (MAGS NRW) hat ein "Gesetz zur Sicherung von Tarifentgelten bei öffentlichen Vergaben in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Tarifentgeltsicherungsgesetz - TESG) entworfen (MAGS NRW, 2025a). Das Ministerium verfolgt damit das...

We develop a strategy to measure the economic costs of poorly written laws, a potential threat to the rule of law. Using the full corpus of Italian legislation, we show that legal uncertainty - measured by the probability of disagreement between the Supreme Court of Cassation and lower courts -...

Delaware is widely regarded as the global capital of corporate law and the leader in attracting incorporations. Its dominance is often attributed by legal scholars to its expert judiciary and reliance on judicial decision-making to develop corporate norms. Until recently, the prevailing view has...

This paper examines the impact of marginal changes in municipal council size on the diversity of candidates and elected councilors in Brazil, focusing on age, gender, race, and educational attainment. Understanding how institutional changes affect representation is crucial for assessing the...

Delaware is widely regarded as the global capital of corporate law and the leader in attracting incorporations. Its dominance is often attributed by legal scholars to its expert judiciary and reliance on judicial decision-making to develop corporate norms. Until recently, the prevailing view has...

We develop a strategy to measure the economic costs of poorly written laws, a potential threat to the rule of law. Using the full corpus of Italian legislation, we show that legal uncertainty - measured by the probability of disagreement between the Supreme Court of Cassation and lower courts -...

Die im Grundgesetz verankerte Schuldenbremse gilt unmittelbar auch für die Bundesländer. Daher ist es im Grundsatz naheliegend, die Regelungen in die Landesverfassung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen zu übernehmen, wie es ein Antrag der FDP-Fraktion vorsieht. Der Gesetzentwurf der FDP-Fraktion...

This technical assistance report outlines the current state and future objectives for regulating crypto assets in the Republic of Kenya. The report, prepared at the request of Kenya's Capital Markets Authority, involved an analysis of crypto-asset activities and the related regulatory framework....

This paper studies how legislative institutions shape distributive policy outcomes. Specifically, I analyze the effect of budget committee membership in the German Bundestag using a novel dataset of 4,629 geocoded federal grants (1999- 2023). Employing a within-legislator...

Am 21. April 2023 wurde das Gesetz zum Neustart der Digitalisierung der Energiewende (GNDEW), eingebracht von den Fraktionen Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen, der SPD sowie der FDP und federführend entwickelt vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK), vom Bundestag, verabschiedet....

Densification and more efficient use of land are important planning challenges across Europe intended to aid the pursuit of sustainability goals. Property taxation influences land use. It can discourage or incentivize efficient land use. In the international academic debate, the land value tax...

Norges Bank has been running a central bank digital currency project since 2016. The project is now in its fourth phase, and as part of this phase an overview will be provided of required legislative amendments linked to the introduction of CBDC. For an overview of Norges Bank's CBDC project,...

Objective This paper considers the influence of female legislators on gun legislation across US states. Females have behavioral differences from males and likely different exposure to gun-related violence. Method Using data from 1991-2020, we econometrically estimate the drivers of gun...

Mit dem Gesetzentwurf für eine "Modernisierung des Vergaberechtes" möchte die Landesregierung von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern sicherstellen, dass zukünftig nur noch solche Unternehmen öffentliche Aufträge erhalten, die bei der Auftragsdurchführung ihren Beschäftigten mindestens die Löhne und...

Das Forschungsprojekt "Bürokratiekosten" erstreckt sich über vier Bände zu vier verschiedenen Regulierungen. Teil 4 widmet sich der Datenschutzgrundverordnung. Hier wurden die erforderlichen Angaben in vier Mitgliedsländern der EU untersucht und die ökonomischen Kosten in der...

Objective: This paper considers the influence of female legislators on gun legislation across US states. Females have behavioral differences from males and likely different exposure to gun-related violence. Method: Using data from 1991-2020, we econometrically estimate the drivers of gun...

Verdichtung und effizientere Nutzung des Bodens sind euro-paweit wichtige planerische Herausforderungen, um Nachhaltigkeitszielen gerecht zu werden. Die Grundsteuer beeinflusstdie Nutzung des Bodens. Sie kann die effiziente Flächennutzung fördern oder hemmen. In der internationalen...

Am 21. April 2023 wurde das Gesetz zum Neustart der Digitalisierung der Energiewende (GNDEW), eingebracht von den Fraktionen Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen, der SPD sowie der FDP und federführend entwickelt vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK), vom Bundestag, verabschiedet....

Norges Bank has been running a central bank digital currency project since 2016. The project is now in its fourth phase, and as part of this phase an overview will be provided of required legislative amendments linked to the introduction of CBDC. For an overview of Norges Bank's CBDC project,...

Humanity's problem with climate change has been likened to a "tragedy of the commons". If the atmosphere is seen as an open access dump for gasses like CO2 or methane, Garret Hardin's conclusion from 1968: "Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all" is obviously correct. But how do we create a...

This paper presents a model of international trade agreements in which the executive branches of each government negotiate agreements while the legislative branches, subject to political pressure from firms, can disrupt them. Lobbying is in the style of Grossman and Helpman's ‘Protection for...

This collection of studies, prepared by the Policy Department C at the request of European Parliament's JURI Committee, indicates that better EU legislation and regulation can deliver gains to the European economy of over EUR 2,200 billion, while even selected sectorial legislation can deliver...

Strategic models of legislative bargaining predict that proposers can extract high shares of economic surplus by identifying and exploiting weak coalition partners. However, strength and weakness can be difficult to assess even with relatively simple bargaining protocols. We evaluate...

How can we use the novel capacities of large language models (LLMs) in empirical research? And how can we do so while accounting for their limitations, which are themselves only poorly understood? We develop an econometric framework to answer this question that distinguishes between two types of...

Das zuletzt gestiegene Interesse des Staats und der Gesellschaft an der Beteiligung von Handwerkskammern in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zeigt sich bei der Änderung der Handwerksordnung, in der die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit nun einen eigenen Aufgabenbereich der Kammern darstellt. Die...

Legislative hostage-taking–whereby the minority party refuses to pass a bipartisan policy unless another divisive or contentious policy also passes–has become a frequent occurrence in Washington. We develop a dynamic, two-period model of legislative bargaining and electoral politics to...