Hospitals were among the wealthiest organizations in medieval cities. Their directors managed portfolios consisting of real estate and financial instruments; as a result, they also handled large quantities of money. It has been suggested that they used these to provide a variety of financial...

Im österreichischen Pensionsrecht ermöglicht eine durchgängige Erwerbskarriere eine Pensionshöhe von 80% des durchschnittlichen Erwerbseinkommens. In dieser Studie wird die Auswirkung einer allgemeinen zusätzlichen betrieblichen Altersvorsorge auf die Höhe der Erstpension untersucht. Eine...

The current system of private pension savings in the UK is based on employers choosing a workplace pension provider, to which contributions from the employee and employer are sent, and which invests the contributions on behalf of the employee. This means that when an individual leaves their...

This report examines ethnic differences in pension participation in the UK following the nationwide roll-out of automatic enrolment, the drivers of those gaps, and the consequences for wealth accumulation. It draws on an academic research paper (Cribb, O'Brien and Sturrock, 2025) published...

Low- and middle-income countries are aging rapidly but stagnation of growth in participation in pension programs, due to widespread informal employment, presents a major fiscal challenge. Some claim that improving the design of pension program rules can encourage more pension contributions,...

The Social Security "full retirement age" (FRA) is the age at which retirement income benefits are available without reduction for early commencement. Presently, that age is 67 for those born in 1960 or later. This paper is about the unfair and unnecessary threat to reduce Social Security...

This report is one of two reports on the management of pension wealth in retirement conducted as part of the Pensions Review, led by the Institute for Fiscal Studies in partnership with the abrdn Financial Fairness Trust. In this report, we examine the decisions that older individuals face as...

This paper estimates the proportion of workers who would meet the required contribution periods to access a contributory retirement pension in the Dominican Republic. Using microdata from labor histories, the paper proposes a survival model to estimate the hazard rates of entering and exiting...

Low- and middle-income countries are aging rapidly but stagnation of growth in participation in pension programs, due to widespread informal employment, presents a major fiscal challenge. Some claim that improving the design of pension program rules can encourage more pension contributions,...

In this paper, I investigate how individuals perceive the implicit contribution incentives provided by public pension systems. I use the unique setting of the Spanish public pension system, where self-employed workers are allowed to voluntarily determine the level of their Social Security...

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the social security system and transfer expenditures in Türkiye in combating poverty. Social security systems aim to reduce the effects of poverty by ensuring that individuals meet their basic needs. Transfer expenditures in Türkiye, while...

Our paper examines the financial preparedness of near-retirement individuals across five countries: the United States, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (developed economies) and the People's Republic of China and India (developing economies). It focuses on four channels of retirement support:...

Current plans to permanently fix the level of benefits provided by the German Statutory Pension Scheme are at odds with the reality of demographic ageing and the requirements for sustainable pension policies. Instead, the causes of the ageing process ought to be addressed through poten-tially...

Germany faces complex challenges in ensuring adequate pensions and the financial sustainability of its pension system amid demographic aging, necessitating comprehensive reforms. The Focus Group on Private Pensions has proposed measures to reform the private Riester pension scheme, advocating,...

In the coming years, the pension system in Germany will face financial challenges. The insurance within pension system must also be strengthened, especially given that the risk of old-age poverty has increased over the years. An effective basic pension that guarantees a minimum amount and is...

Mit dem Gesetz zur Entwicklung und Einführung einer Digitalen Rentenübersicht (kurz Rentenübersichtsgesetz RentÜG) vom 11. Februar 2021 wurden auch in Deutschland die Voraussetzungen dafür geschaffen, Betroffenen einen Überblick über die im Alter zu erwartenden Leistungen der...

The formal relationships between the contribution rate of workers and the pension level are modelled in the pay-as-you-go system. The average pensioner has paid contributions over 36 years and currently receives EUR 1,246.67 as a monthly pension. The 'standard pensioner' contributed over 45...

Der vorliegende Referentenentwurf zum Rentenpaket II sieht neben einer Verlängerung der Haltelinie zur Stabilisierung des Rentenniveaus die Errichtung einer Stiftung "Generationenkapital" vor. Der Entwurf strebt dabei den Aufbau eines Stiftungsvermögens von 200 Mrd. Euro und jährliche...

Politik und Gesellschaft verknüpfen mehrere verschiedene Ziele mit der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung, nämlich die Sicherung des Existenzminimums im Alter, die Erbringung von Leistungen bei (teilweiser) Erwerbsunfähigkeit und die Sicherung des während des Erwerbslebens erreichten...

Im Zuge des demografischen Wandels nehmen die Ausgaben der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung in Deutschland in Zukunft deutlich zu, während die Lohnsumme, aus der die Beiträge zu finanzieren sind, gedämpft wird. Immer weniger Beitragszahler stehen in dem umlagefinanzierten System immer mehr...

This paper presents a Machine Learning approach adopted at the Statistics Department of the Central Bank of Malta to detect outliers in the Maltese Pension Schemes and Insurance datasets, which are collected by the Bank, at micro-level. The motive behind this study is to develop an outlier...

Korea's National Pension Fund (NPF) is projected to be in deficit by the 2040s and exhausted by the 2050s. Increasing contribution rates may be unaffordable, prompting consideration of structural reforms, particularly shifting from a defined benefit (DB) to a defined contribution (DC) system....

This study investigates the contribution of Mozambique's flagship social pension programme, the Programa de Subsídio Social Básico, to building resilience against shocks. Applying a fuzzy regression discontinuity approach to bespoke survey data, we separate direct effects of programme...

In this study, we elucidate the income redistribution effects of the proposal to incorporate the Bend Points mechanism of the U.S. OASDI into the Korean National Pension Scheme (BP-KNPS Proposal) through a micro-simulation analysis using individual data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel...

Während Österreichs Ausgaben für Pensionen deutlich über dem EU-Schnitt liegen und weiter ansteigen, sinken die Leistungen markant. Fakten, die zwar immer wieder diskutiert, aber bislang nicht wirksam adressiert wurden. Eine aktuelle EcoAustria Studie im Auftrag der ERSTE Stiftung und der...

We study the interaction between unemployment insurance (UI) and other social transfers exploiting state-level changes to UI generosity and data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (1990-2013). We find that more generous UI leads to a reduction in the receipt of other public...

We examine the multi-generational association of a nationwide social pension program in China, the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS). NRPS was rolled out on full scale in 2012, and rural enrollees over the age of 60 are eligible to receive an average of 102 CNY non-contributory monthly pension. We...

We leverage the expansion of the National Social Assistance Program (NSAP) in India in 2006 to estimate the impact of access to public pensions on three measures of depression for the elderly in below poverty line households, using a regression discontinuity design based on age-eligibility...