This assessment focuses solely on government expenditures on sustainable long-term care (LTC) for the elderly, as requested by the The Government of North Macedonia (GoNM). It does not attempt to calculate the costs of the provision of uncompensated informal care by family and friends, nor does...

The growing economic pressures on healthcare systems have heightened the need for effective and sustainable cost management strategies. This study presents a PRISMAbased systematic review of 210 peer-reviewed articles published between 1974 and 2024, retrieved from the Scopus andWeb of Science...

Failure to account for the full complexity and costs of high-need populations in the risk-adjusted capitated payment model for Medicare Advantage (MA) plans may create financial disincentives for plans to invest in comprehensive care for affected beneficiaries, potentially exacerbating health...

Medical spending is highly concentrated at the end of life and varies widely across patients, raising a first-order welfare question about whether marginal end-of-life spending reflects waste or generates meaningful benefits. Using Austrian administrative data, we document that endof-life...

Failure to account for the full complexity and costs of high-need populations in the risk-adjusted capitated payment model for Medicare Advantage (MA) plans may create financial disincentives for plans to invest in comprehensive care for affected beneficiaries, potentially exacerbating health...

We study how health insurance deductibles affect healthcare spending and health using a regression discontinuity design and administrative data from the Netherlands. Exploiting an annual deductible reset, we compare patients admitted to the emergency room just before and after January 1....

Health care costs in the U.S. have grown dramatically over the past several decades, with one possible cause being physicians providing unnecessary services out of fear of being sued for malpractice - a phenomenon known as "defensive medicine". States responded by enacting different types of...

This study reviews the literature on the impacts of Certificate-of-Need (CON) laws, which require the approval of states' health planning agencies for health care providers to engage in regulated actions such as opening or expanding facilities or purchasing equipment. Economic theory suggests...

This paper characterizes optimal education and population policies within a continuous-time overlapping generations (OLG) framework where fertility, schooling duration, and health expenditures are endogenous. In this model, mortality risk is driven by a negative congestion effect from population...

Public services play an important role in supporting households' well-being and their members' life chances. This is especially true for low- and middle-income households, for whom the in-kind services received represent a larger share of overall consumption and for whom equivalent private...

Public services play an important role in supporting households' well-being and their residents' life chances. This is especially true for low- and middle-income households, for whom the in-kind services received represent a larger share of overall consumption, and for whom equivalent private...

This study revisits the long-standing debate on the guns-versus-butter phenomenon, that spending on military activity crowds out non-military expenditure. By focusing on Africa, we conjecture the crowding-out effect of military expenditure on health expenditure beyond government health...

We assessed whether health spending of local government units in the Philippines is sufficient to deliver mandated primary health care (PHC) services under a devolved system, how PHC spending varies with fiscal capacity, and whether increased intergovernmental transfers following the...

This paper examines the unintended consequences of policies perceived as inequitable by leveraging Italy's Quota 100 pension reform, which denied early retirement to workers with identical contribution histories who did not meet an age cutoff. Using SHARE data and a difference-in-differences...

Purpose - The main goal of this paper is to analyze the implementation of pharmaceuticals cost-containment measures in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach - This paper adopts descriptive and analytical techniques to assess the extent of implementing pharmaceutical cost-containment measures in...

Medical spending is highly concentrated at the end of life and varies widely across patients, raising a first-order welfare question about whether marginal end-of-life spending reflects waste or generates meaningful benefits. Using Austrian administrative data, we document that endof- life...

This study investigates the distribution of benefits from public health care spending in Ethiopia by combining individual health care utilization data from the 2018/19 and 2021/22 waves of the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Panel Survey with regional budget information. It analyzes how health care...

We analyze the effect of adverse health shocks on households' expenditure shares in different good categories using a fixed-effects approach and a structural approach based on microeconomic theory. We find that, on average, households substitute health and food expenditure in response to adverse...

Introduction The annual increase in emergency department (ED) visits in Taiwan has led to overcrowding in major hospitals and extended patient stays in the ED. International studies suggest that prolonged ED stays may influence healthcare costs and clinical outcomes for hospitalized patients....

Background Out-of-pocket payment remains one of the ways to finance health care in Ethiopia accounting 31%. These out-of-pocket health expense leads citizens' face catastrophic and impoverishing expenditure. The most recent survey-based study of catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditure...

Background Adjusting the health insurance reimbursement rate is essential to optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper investigates the effect of health insurance reimbursement rates on middle-aged and elderly people's choice of hospitals in China. Methods This study is conducted...

Background Individuals receiving geriatric care are often frail and afflicted with multiple chronic conditions demanding care from several medical disciplines, and from several different care providing units across the health systems. Objective To explore the six-month service utilization and...

Background Cancer patients face a costly trade-off between medical care and basic necessities including food. This study aims to explore whether catastrophic health expenditures lead to food insecurity among older cancer survivors in the US. Methods Longitudinal study of individuals aged 50 or...

We estimate the difference in direct healthcare costs of individuals diagnosed with diabetes depending on their glucose level, considering different timespans and subgroups. Using data from administrative registers of 285,450 individuals in Catalonia from 2013 to 2017, we used a fuzzy regression...

Background The diagnosis-intervention packet (DIP) payment reform, utilizing big data for patient classification and payment standardization, was initially developed and piloted in China. Guangzhou, the pilot mega-city, rolled out DIP payment reform in 2018 to regulate medical expenditures. We...

The Colombian Ministry of Health's decision to increase the health insurance premium (Capitation Payment Unit) by 5.36% for 2025, close to the inflation rate, has sparked controversy. This adjustment disregards factors that contribute to rising healthcare costs, leading to concerns over the...

Digitalisation of health services brings many benefits to patients, including electronic health records, telemedicine, and AI-driven diagnostics. However, healthcare is one of the most targeted sectors by cyber and ransomware attacks. To better protect its healthcare systems and create a safer...

Digitalisation of health services brings many benefits to patients, including electronic health records, telemedicine, and AI-driven diagnostics. However, healthcare is one of the most targeted sectors by cyber and ransomware attacks. To better protect its healthcare systems and create a safer...

Public insurance reimbursement policies shape the structure and reach of healthcare markets. In this study, we examine the 1980 federal Medicaid mandate requiring states to reimburse Certified Nurse-Midwives, one of the first reforms targeting non-physician providers. We find the mandate...

In the Philippines, household out-of-pocket or direct payment made by patients, has persistently accounted for nearly half of the country's health spending, which suggests financial burden experienced by Filipinos in accessing care. Since 2013, PhilHealth has paid accredited public and private...