Schlechtere Gesundheit steht in engem Zusammenhang mit Arbeitslosigkeit. Geförderte Beschäftigung mit begleitendem Coaching zu verbinden, ist ein Ansatz, mit dem nicht nur Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit beendet, sondern auch die gesundheitliche Situation und die soziale Teilhabe von Betroffenen...

While health affects many economic outcomes, its dynamics are still poorly understood. We use k-means clustering, a machine learning technique, and data from the Health and Retirement Study to identify health types during middle and old age. We identify five health types: the vigorous resilient,...

While health affects many economic outcomes, its dynamics are still poorly understood. We use k-means clustering, a machine learning technique, and data from the Health and Retirement Study to identify health types during middle and old age. We identify five health types: the vigorous resilient,...

Broadband internet has become a critical component of U.S. infrastructure, but policymakers are increasingly concerned that the widespread adoption of this technology has adversely affected adolescent mental health. To test this hypothesis, we use 2009-2019 National and State Youth Risk Behavior...

With the goal of curbing electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youths, 40 states and the District of Columbia have adopted restrictions on nicotine vaping at elementary and secondary (K-12) schools. This study is the first to estimate the effect of K-12 school vaping restrictions...

We evaluate the effects of teaching negotiation skills to adolescent girls in economically vulnerable compounds in Lusaka, Zambia ten years later. Treated participants complete 0.27 more years of education. Consistent with greater relational empowerment, they also begin sexual activity later,...

This research considers the role of income for subjective longevity assessments. The analysis uses the 2022 Survey of Consumer Finances. My findings indicate that treating subjective health and longevity assessments as jointly determined is important to understanding the role of income for both...

We provide novel evidence on how healthcare decision-making responds to changes in government recommendations by studying the United States Preventive Services Task Force's 2009 decision to stop recommending mammogram screenings for women aged 40-49. Using a difference-in-differences...

We examine information versus hassle costs in the context of Medicaid prior authorization requirements for preschool antipsychotic prescribing. Such prescribing increased in the 1990s, despite substantial side effects and the absence of FDA approval. State Medicaid programs began to require...

Taxes on sweetened beverages have been widely adopted in response to increases in diet-related chronic disease. An episode of particular interest occurred in Cook County, Illinois, where a beverage tax was announced, implemented, and then repealed. This paper is the first to estimate the effects...

The United States lacks a federal paid sick leave policy. However, 18 states and the District of Columbia have adopted or announced paid sick leave employer mandates to increase access to this benefit, creating a quasi-experimental setting to study whether paid sick leave affects healthcare use....

We estimate and compare impacts of cash and in-kind transfers on the consumption of temptation goods in the same population, and explore normative implications. We use two decades of data from South Carolina on cash benefits from Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and in-kind benefits from the...

Can economic tools help inform the puzzlingly low rate of flu vaccination? Existing interventions focus on misinformation or nudges, not preferences over or beliefs about vaccine characteristics. Using an online experiment, we find a key role for effectiveness and short-run side-effects:...

This paper examines how people adjust their time use when they experience an increase in time spent alone, which is a growing share of adults' lives. We utilize the dramatic rise in remote work following the onset of the pandemic, which is associated with a large decline in time spent in the...

We study how abortion access affects economic hardship and crime. Using a database of abortion provider locations and operations in Texas from 2009-2019, we exploit variation in travel distance to the nearest facility created by clinic closures following the enforcement of Texas HB-2 in 2013. We...

An important but poorly understood way that economic development may influence health is through the private incentives that it creates for individuals to invest in their own health. In this paper, we study how individuals' forward-looking health investments respond to changes in expected future...

This paper investigates how physicians adjust their clinical decision-making following medical malpractice lawsuits and how these responses are driven by mental rather than financial costs, and do not align with rational expectations. We combine a comprehensive health insurance claim database...

This chapter explores the multifaceted relationship between culture and health from an economic perspective, integrating insights from anthropology, psychology, and political science. It begins by examining how culture provides meaning to illness and suffering and explores how culturally...

Health insurance lowers the out-of-pocket price of healthcare, and it is well-established that this leads to higher utilization of care. This type of "moral hazard" is typically viewed as a social cost of insurance. Within a standard model, we show that there are two important ways in which the...

A large literature documents that quitting cigarette smoking may lead to weight gain because nicotine is an appetite suppressant and metabolic stimulant. However, researchers in this literature emphasize that the health benefits of smoking cessation exceed the harms from the weight typically...

Why and when could basic income inhibit employment? We randomize 200 dollars of basic income per month for two years within a non-urban disadvantaged sample tracked using high-frequency administrative data. The amount provided is 21% of average all-source income. In the short term (0.5 years...

Racial differences in mortality are large, persistent and likely caused, at least in part, by racism. While the causal pathways linking racism to mortality are conceptually well defined, empirical evidence to support causal claims related to its effect on health is incomplete. In this study, we...

With the goal of lowering incentives for alcohol and substance abuse, U.S. states have historically permitted private health insurers to deny reimbursement of medical claims stemming from alcohol or opioid impairment. However, a potential unintended consequence of such "exclusion provisions" is...

We study how preventive medical care use affects health behaviors and outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. Leveraging variation induced by a national appointment reminder program, rolled out across 315 public primary care clinics in Chile, we use an instrumental variables approach with...

Nutritional disparities across socioeconomic groups contribute to health inequality in the U.S. This paper studies the role of heterogeneous consumer preferences in food choices and explores pricing policies that can promote healthier eating among disadvantaged consumers. Using detailed...

We use difference-in-differences research designs to estimate the effects of abortion bans on births at the county level, leveraging data on changes in driving distance and appointment availability at the nearest facility where abortion remains legal. We find that bans alone increase births, but...

We examine the multigenerational impacts of legalized abortion in the United States by analyzing how early-life exposure to this policy shift affects birth outcomes in the next generation. Using event study and two-way fixed effects models, we link maternal early-life exposure to legal abortion...

We measure whether expert patients - those trained as physicians and nurses - have fewer emergency department visits and the reasons for these differences. Relative to similar patients physicians and nurses had 19.8% and 5.1% fewer ED visits, principally due to fewer avoidable visits. The...

Effective information sharing is critical for the success of organizations and governments. Because information that is easy to access is more likely to be adopted, leaders often minimize friction in information delivery. However, one type of friction may increase engagement: piquing curiosity...

The education-mortality gradient has increased sharply in the last three decades, with the life-expectancy gap between people with and without a college degree widening from 2.6 years in 1992 to 6.3 years in 2019 (Case and Deaton 2023). During the same period, mortality inequality across...

Using NielsenIQ Retail Scanner data, we estimate demand equations for e-cigarettes by nicotine concentration. Overall, the models show that the price elasticities of demand range from -2.117 to -1.494. In a rapidly evolving e-cigarette market, demand for e-cigarettes varies considerably by...

We develop a new revealed preference framework to estimate the value of statistical life (VSL). Our framework starts from a hedonic model of health care in which heterogenous individuals choose how much to spend on medical services that reduce mortality risk. Their choices generate an...

Chapter 1 Introduction and Conceptual Foundations -- Chapter 2 Online Gaming, Maladaptive Consumption, and Regulatory Standards and Options -- Chapter 3 Internet gaming disorder as a maladaptive behavioral consumption of online Gaming -- Chapter 4 Technology-Mediated Problematic Behaviours --...

Requiring graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packaging has become a highly contentious unresolved legal battle. The constitutionality depends, in part, on the likely impact of GWLs on smoking decisions, and whether they generate knowledge as opposed to emotional reactions against...

"Many modern policy challenges are linked directly to unhealthy living and struggling health systems. This book is for anyone interested in the use of the latest behavioural insights within this crucial policy arena, to incentivise change. It will appeal to practitioners, academics, or students...

Zusammenfassung Die ab 1996 durchgeführten Gesundheitsreformen führten zu einem starken Rückgang ambulanter Vorsorgemaßnahmen. Die deutschen Kurorte und Heilbäder verloren dadurch eine wichtige Einnahmequelle und mussten sich neue Märkte erschließen. Ein wichtiges Segment stellte hierbei...

Introduction to Consumer Behaviour and Overview of the Global Food and Drink Sector -- Models of consumer behaviour and holistic healthy lifestyle -- Consumer perceptions in food and drink -- Consumer learning and memory in food and drink -- Motivation and involvement in food and drink --...

We study the contribution of health-related behaviors to the health-education gradient by distinguishing between short-run and long-run mediating effects:while in the former only current or lagged behaviors are taken into account, in the latter we consider the entire history of behaviors. We use...