Search Results - subject_exact:"Haftung"

How does tort reform affect health care delivery

Courtemanche, Charles; Garuccio, Joseph - 2026

Health care costs in the U.S. have grown dramatically over the past several decades, with one possible cause being physicians providing unnecessary services out of fear of being sued for malpractice - a phenomenon known as "defensive medicine". States responded by enacting different types of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015617197

Fresh start or fresh water : the impact of environmental lender liability

Bellon, Aymeric - 2026

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015609690

Insuring algorithmic operations : liability risk, pricing, and risk control

Liu, Zhiyong John; Park, Jin; Wang, Mengying; Wen, He - 2026

Businesses increasingly rely on algorithmic systems and machine learning models to make operational decisions about customers, employees, and counterparties. These "algorithmic operations" can improve efficiency but also concentrate liability in a small number of technically complex, drifting...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015614146

Reviving joint liability contracts : asymmetric joint liability loans and moral hazard

Carli, Francesco; Cecchi, Francesco; Fritz, Manuela; … - 2026

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015640225

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Reviving joint liability contracts : asymmetric joint liability loans and moral hazard

Carli, Francesco; Cecchi, Francesco; Fritz, Manuela; … - 2025

Book / Working Paper

Optimal Medical Liability for AI

Chan, Alex - 2026

I study medical liability when artificial intelligence acts as a doctor rather than as a passive clinical tool. The central object is the legally usable medical record: the inputs, logs, warnings, prescriptions, follow-up instructions, and outcomes on which courts, contracts, insurers, and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015671161

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Optimal medical liability for AI

Chan, Alex - 2026

Book / Working Paper

Cybersecurity needs secure software : how policymakers can hold software vendors accountable - and why they should

Paulus, Alexandra - 2026

Cybersecurity incidents cause harm - for example, when adversarial states paralyse critical infrastructure or steal sensitive data. Many such incidents are only possible because many software products have known vulnerabilities. Software vendors could fix these, but they have little incentive to...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015654966

Progress or stagnation? : the evolution and reform of corporate criminal liability in the UK

Ma, Yuyun; Ryder, Nicholas - 2025

This article analysis of the progression of corporate criminal liability from its historical foundations to contemporary reforms. It seeks to examine how case law and legislative developments have responded to the challenges posed by the identification doctrine and assess the effectiveness of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015546366

The Court of Justice and compensation for non-material damage in case of infringement of the GDPR

Kohajda, Michael; Otta, Šimon - 2025

Slowly but surely, the area regulated by European Union law has become accustomed to the protection of personal data materialized in the GDPR Regulation, which has already celebrated its seventh birthday this year. Although it can already be stated that the fundamental questions and mechanisms...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015654642

Liability for non-disclosure in IPOs

Choi, Albert H.; Spier, Kathryn E. - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015486183

A welfare test for sharing health data

Sen, Anindya; Chen, Helen; Grossman, Maura R.; Tsao, … - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015168667

Banks are different : why bank-based versus market-based lending is a false dichotomy

Sissoko, Carolyn - 2025

This paper introduces modern readers to ‘banking theory’, that is, to the understanding of the banking system that was held by academics and practitioners in the early years of the twentieth century. This theory contrasts with the theoretic framework that views banks as intermediaries that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015371905

Law enforcement with unlawful investigations and enforcer's liability

Langlais, Eric; Yahagi, Ken - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015374538

The actuarial sources of the rise in unfunded liabilities in America's defined benefit plans in the 21st century

Fuchsman, Dillon; Hengerer, David; Moody, Jonathan; … - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015374562

Undertreatment in credence goods markets: when does a noliability rule outperform? : liability rule outperform?

Kundu, Sumana - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015421270

Bogging down investors : an unintended consequence of litigation risk

Fu, Siwen; Wang, Ke; Zhang, Liandong; Zheng, Liu Kong - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015463665

Conflict and property law : the hidden costs of takings and of liability rule protection

Mittlaender, Sergio - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015466359

Market entry and product liability

Friehe, Tim; Cat Lam Pham - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015467430

How to design auditor liability when judges suffer from hindsight bias

Bigus, Jochen; Georgiou, Nadine - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015471649

When duality fails : addressing the liability of hybridity in a field dominated by non-profit values

Dahan, Nicolas M.; Leca, Bernard - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015472348

The concede-and-divide rule for liability problems

Chai, Ziyi; Gong, Doudou; Xu, Genjiu; Dietzenbacher, Bas - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015472638

Corporate responsibility and repair for anti-Black racism

Mustafa, Tabitha Celeste - 2025

In an era when the public and shareholders increasingly demand greater accountability from institutions for racial injustice and slavery, scholarship on corporate reparations is more and more essential. This article argues that corporations have played a significant role in the cultural...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015449656

Actual and historical experiences of successful joint-liability lending

Santagata, Marta - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015432066

Unfair competition and the legal protection of the unregistered scent marks in UAE : a comparative study

Abdou, Mohamed Morsi - 2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015437668

Artificial intelligence and civil liability : a European perspective

2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015439962

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Artificial intelligence and civil liability : a European perspective

2025

Book / Working Paper

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Germany

2025

Liability for preventing and remediating environmental damage in Germany is mostly enforced by national liability legislation for preventing and remediating land/soil, water, and biodiversity damage, and environmental permitting and planning legislation. Competent authorities tend to enforce...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429493

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : France

2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429494

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Finland

2025

Enforcement of national ELD legislation in Finland is low. Between 2013 and November 2021 there had only been one ELD occurrence involving water damage, one ELD occurrence involving an imminent threat of water damage, and two potential ELD occurrences (one involving water damage and biodiversity...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429495

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Estonia

2025

There were 32 potential ELD occurrences from the time that the ELD was transposed into Estonian law in December 2007 and 2019. Of these, 14 occurrences involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to water, six involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to land, and 21 involved an...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429538

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Denmark

2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429539

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Greece

2025

By the end of 2018, there had been 146 ELD occurrences in Greece, of which 29 involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to biodiversity, 61 involved water damage, and 69 involved land/soil damage. The number of ELD occurrences since that time is not available. Greece does not have...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429552

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Portugal

2025

Between 1 August 2008, when the ELD was transposed into Portuguese law, and the end of 2020, there were 21 ELD occurrences involving an imminent threat of environmental damage in Portugal; seven involved damage to land, 13 involved damage to land and water, and one involved damage to water....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429553

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Sweden

2025

There were five ELD occurrences in Sweden between 1 August 2007 (when the ELD was transposed into Swedish law) and 30 April 2013. The number of ELD occurrences in Sweden since that time cannot be verified. The Environmental Protection Agency is collecting data to contribute to a new report that...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429554

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Czechia

2025

Czechia has national legislation for preventing and remediating damage to land/soil, waters and nature. Competent authorities tend to implement national environmental liability legislation, including environmental permitting legislation, instead of national ELD legislation. As of November 2021,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429581

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Croatia

2025

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429582

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Austria

2025

There were no ELD occurrences in Austria between 30 April 2007 and 1 November 2021. Competent authorities considered various environmental damage occurrences to determine whether they were ELD occurrences but determined that they were not such occurrences. In this respect, Austria has very...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429583

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Spain

2025

Enforcement of national ELD legislation in Spain is moderate.1 Spain had reported 42 ELD occurrences by November 2021. Nineteen occurrences involved damage to land; 17 involved. National ELD legislation is enforced for damage to biodiversity. It is not possible to determine whether competent...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429590

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Romania

2025

There were four ELD occurrences in Romania before 30 April 2013 and two ELD occurrences between 1 May 2013 and 2017, for a total of six ELD occurrences. Five of the occurrences were environmental damage; one occurrence was an imminent threat of environmental damage. The number of ELD occurrences...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429591

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Slovenia

2025

There were two ELD occurrences in Slovenia as of November 2021, cases concerning which were still ongoing as of that date. Twenty-two cases concerning potential ELD occurrences were still open. Of the remaining 20 open cases, the competent authority had issued a final decision in two of them....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429622

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Poland

2025

There were 506 ELD occurrences in Poland between 30 April 2007, when the ELD was transposed into Polish law, and 30 April 2013. Between 30 April 2007 and 5 November 2021, there were a total of 695 ELD occurrences including 46 ELD occurrences between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020. The above...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429623

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : the Netherlands

2025

No environmental damage occurrences in the Netherlands have been treated as ELD occurrences even though the Commission considered that the Chemiepack occurrence at Moerdijk was an ELD occurrence. In its report to the Commission under then article 18(1) of the ELD, the Netherlands agreed that the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429624

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Slovakia

2025

There were two ELD occurrences in Slovakia as of November 2021; one occurrence involved environmental damage and the other occurrence involved an imminent threat of environmental damage. Competent authorities tend to implement national legislation for preventing and remediating damage to land/soil,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429675

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Malta

2025

As of November 2021, there were no ELD occurrences in Malta.1 Malta noted in its report to the Commission for ELD occurrences up to 30 April 2013 pursuant to then article 18(1) of the ELD that it had applied parts of the ELD to two cases 'to make operators shoulder responsibility for possible...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429676

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Luxembourg

2025

There have been four ELD occurrences in Luxembourg. Two occurrences occurred between 2013 and 2017. One occurrence involved damage to water; the other involved damage to protected species and natural habitats. In July 2019 and March 2020, there were two further ELD occurrences, both involving...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429677

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Lithuania

2025

There were seven ELD occurrences in Lithuania between 12 April 2005 (when Lithuania transposed the ELD into national law) and November 2021. Three ELD occurrences occurred before 30 April 2013; three occurred between 1 May 2013 and 2017. There were no occurrences of an imminent threat of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429678

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Latvia

2025

There were 53 ELD occurrences in Latvia up to the end of 2021. Compared with other Member States, the level of enforcement of national ELD legislation is moderate to good.1 This is due in large part to the implementation and enforcement of national ELD legislation for all land, water and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429717

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Ireland

2025

There were six ELD occurrences in Ireland from the time that the ELD was transposed into Irish law on 1 April 2009 until 30 September 2021. Three of these occurrences involved an imminent threat of environmental damage, of which two were for biodiversity damage and one was for water damage....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429718

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Hungary

2025

Hungary reported 573 ELD occurrences to the European Commission in the period between 30 April 2007 and 30 April 2013, the highest number of ELD occurrences reported by any Member State. The Country Report for Hungary stated that the number of ELD occurrences since that time is not publicly...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429758

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Belgium

2025

There were four ELD occurrences of environmental damage and no ELD occurrences of an imminent threat of environmental damage in Belgium between the time that the ELD was transposed into the law of the Flemish and Walloon Regions (30 April 2007), the Brussels-Capital Region (14 November 2008),...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429859

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Cyprus

2025

There were two ELD occurrences in Cyprus up to November 2021. One occurrence involved damage to protected species and natural habitats. The other occurrence involved an imminent threat of environmental damage (threat to human health and the environment (air, soil and waters)).

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429860

Facilitating enforcement of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) by competent authorities : Bulgaria

2025

The application of national ELD legislation is low in Bulgaria. The reason is that since April 2008 when the ELD was transposed into Bulgarian law and November 2021, there had been two environmental damage occurrences under the ELD (both in 2020) and six occurrences of an imminent threat of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de, ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015429861