Making detailed annual general meeting (AGM) minutes available online allows absentee investors to understand the discussion that took place during the AGM, and other interested parties to gauge the intensity of investor activism and stakeholder engagement from the questions posed. This paper...

The right to ask questions and voice their opinions at annual general meetings (AGMs) represents one of the few avenues for shareholders to communicate directly and publicly with the firm's management. Examining AGM transcripts of U.S. companies between 2007 and 2021, we find that shareholders...

The article focuses on the legacy, if any, once the pandemic crisis is over, of the Italian emergency legislation re: the participation in the shareholders' meeting by means of telecommunications, with particular attention to the regulation of listed companies. Specifically, the topic of...

The right to ask questions and voice their opinions at annual general meetings (AGMs) represents one of the few avenues for shareholders to communicate directly and publicly with the firm’s management. Examining AGM transcripts of U.S. companies between 2007 and 2021, we find that shareholders...

Die Digitalisierung der Hauptversammlung schreitet unaufhaltsam voran. Eine Rückkehr ins analoge Zeitalter der reinen Präsenzversammlungen ist nach den Erfahrungen mit der virtuellen Hauptversammlung während der COVID-19-Pandemie nicht vorstellbar. Über die Frage der legislatorische...

We study companies' decisions about holding annual shareholder meetings on-line during the Covid pandemic, and returning to classical in-person meetings post-pandemic. Among S&P 1500 companies, the frequency of virtual meetings shot up from less than 10 percent to more than 80 percent in the...

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to some countries, including Australia, enacting temporary changes to their corporate laws to allow virtual meetings of shareholders to be conducted. The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate the corporate governance arguments arising with a move to...

We examine determinants and consequences of ‘virtual’ shareholder meetings (VSM). Using a pre-Covid sample of voluntary VSM adopters, we do not find that firms choose the virtual format to avoid shareholders’ scrutiny. VSM are more frequent among tech firms, and firms traditionally more...

This paper studies voting in shareholders meetings. We focus on the informational efficiency of different voting mechanisms, taking into account that they affect both management's incentives before the meeting and shareholders' decisions at the meeting. We first focus on the case in which the...

We analyze the informational value of the Annual General Meeting (AGM) for investors' decision-making. As the AGM is typically preceded by several information disclosures, previous research has shown it to trigger only a marginal market reaction. We consider the AGM, and particularly the tone of...

We find that annual shareholder meetings conducted online can significantly increase the participation of shareholders, especially minority shareholders. This finding is more evident when the cost of physically attending the annual meeting is higher, and when the firm's ownership is more...

Voting in shareholder meetings has become a popular mechanism of corporate governance throughout the world, and shareholders' main tool for communicating with the company's management. A variety of factors have been shown in the behavioral economic literature to affect voters' behavior,...

We examine investors' perceptions of shareholder activism via voting. To identify instances of activism via voting, we focus on annual meetings with at least one ballot item where a substantial fraction of shareholders is expected to vote against management's voting recommendation, indicating an...

Do institutional investors engage with companies on corporate externalities such as greenhouse gas emissions? And if so, why? We study voting at shareholder meetings by two emblematic global investors: BlackRock, a major asset manager, and the Norway Fund, a responsible sovereign wealth fund....

Motivated by the increasing influence of shareholder votes on corporate policies, we examine investors’ perceptions of activism via voting. To identify instances of activism via voting, we focus on annual meetings with at least one ballot item where a substantial fraction of shareholders is...

Proxy advisory firms have become important players in corporate governance, but the extent of their influence over shareholder votes is debated. We estimate the effect of Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) recommendations on voting outcomes by exploiting exogenous variation in ISS...

Shareholders' meetings provide links of communication between shareholders and management and enables members to exercise their votes. The law that governs these meetings is, therefore, an important aspect of corporate governance. This paper identifies critical weaknesses in the law on...

We study the strategic scheduling of annual shareholder meetings. When companies move their annual meetings a great distance from headquarters, they tend to experience pronounced stock market underperformance in the six months after the meeting and announce earnings below expectations over the...