This paper estimates the returns to education in Arkansas-one of the last states to extend compulsory schooling-using ACS 2023 data and the 1987 Compulsory Schooling Law (CSL) reform as an instrument. OLS estimates imply returns of 9.5-10.4 percent per year of schooling. The CSL reform increased...

This study examines how parenting styles predict children's lifetime outcomes. Using a Swedish dataset which combines rich survey information on parenting styles with administrative records tracking children over five decades, we find that authoritarian parenting is negatively associated with...

We leverage the introduction of the first antibiotic therapies in 1937 to examine the long-run effects of early childhood pneumonia on adult educational attainment, employment, income, and work-related disability. Using census data, we document large average gains on all outcomes, alongside...

This study examines how parenting styles predict children's lifetime outcomes. Using a Swedish dataset which combines rich survey information on parenting styles with administrative records tracking children over five decades, we find that authoritarian parenting is negatively associated with...

I study how delayed retirements reshape firms internal labor markets, leveraging a German reform that raised womens early retirement age by at least three years. The reform increased retention of older women and reduced both internal promotions and external hiring of younger coworkers, with the...

This study investigates the impact of inflation on human capital investment decisions. Using a specially designed survey we estimate the causal effect of recent price level increases on the graduation plans of over 1,200 U.S. university students. We find that inflation caused over half of the...

We estimate the causal effect of access to clean water sources on educational outcomes in Indonesia. Using the longitudinal Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel dataset, which follows the same individuals from 1993 to 2014, and applying household fixed effects allows us to identify the...

We examine the long-term labor market impact of the steam engine, an early general-purpose technology, by linking newly digitized 19th-century records from Prussia to modern German labor market data (1975-2019). Regions with a higher concentration of steam engines per worker in 1875 exhibit...

How did the US become a land of opportunity? Previous historical research on intergenerational mobility has focused on father-son income correlations, masking the role of mothers. We introduce a new mobility measure that incorporates both parents’ human capital, develop a latent variable...

This essay suggests that the evolution of human cooperation over the course of human history should be viewed as a two-layer process. A foundational layer, rooted in subsistence and ecological pressures, shaped cooperative dispositions unevenly, whereas an expansionary layer, rooted in conflict...

The literature on intergenerational mobility for many countries in the world focus on household surveys that capture the education of parents and their children. While they pay particular attention to issues regarding co-residency of fathers and son, they are somewhat weaker in information on...

Based on panel data from 276 Chinese cities between 2004 and 2021 and applying a difference-in-differences approach, this study explores the relationship between the New Energy Demonstration City (NEDC) policy and local green technological innovation (GTI) capabilities, along with its mechanisms...

We leverage the introduction of the first antibiotic therapies in 1937 to examine the long run effects of early childhood pneumonia on adult educational attainment, employment, income, and work-related disability. Using census data, we document large average gains on all outcomes, alongside...

Rapid artificial intelligence (AI) advancements have emerged as a critical catalyst in curbing carbon emissions and fostering sustainable growth. Drawing upon balanced panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2022, this study employs the spatial Durbin model, along with mediating and...

This study examines how parenting styles predict children’s lifetime outcomes. Using a Swedish dataset which combines rich survey information on parenting styles with administrative records tracking children over five decades, we find that authoritarian parenting is negatively associated with...

Screening human capital based on signals such as job applications or entrepreneurial pitches is crucial for organizations. Signals are often informative insofar as they require differential knowledge and effort to produce. Generative AI (GAI) complicates screening by lowering the cost of...

More than 1.5 million staff work for the NHS in England, across a wide range of occupations. Progression within these occupations - for example, from nurse to senior staff nurse - has long been a focus of workforce policy in the NHS. Transitions between broad occupation groups - such as...

This paper examines the impact of neighbourhood social interactions on a household's ability to produce their child's scholastic achievement. A time-varying stochastic frontier model and a spatial Durbin model are used to estimate endogenous and contextual neighbourhood effects on household...

The Global Gateway is considered a key instrument of EU development cooperation. Introduced in 2021, it was announced as a 'win-win' strategy for both, the EU's competitiveness agenda and developing countries' strive for sustainable development. The Global Gateway epitomises the current shifts...

New digital and artificial intelligence technologies are fast reshaping skill requirements in the EU labour market, fostering skill mismatches. There are marked concerns about the potentially adverse consequences of automation and AI on employment, as well as the lagging competitiveness of EU...

We estimate the causal effect of attending elite schools in England, Scotland, and Wales on human capital and labor market outcomes for cohorts of children from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. For identification, we employ a nonparametric...

This paper develops a task-adjusted, country-specific measure of workers' exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) across 108 countries. Building on Felten et al. (2021), we adapt the artificial intelligence occupational exposure (AIOE) index to worker-level data from the Programme for the...

We estimate the causal effect of access to clean water sources on educational outcomes in Indonesia. Using the longitudinal Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel dataset, which follows the same individuals from 1993 to 2014, and applying household fixed effects allows us to identify the...

A central effect of automation is to transform jobs-shifting their task content. We develop a general-equilibrium model of this process. Occupations bundle tasks; workers possess task-specific skills and sort by comparative advantage. When a task is automated, remaining tasks gain in importance,...

This paper studies how World War I mortality shocks to British communities affected long-run innovation. Linking parish-level military deaths to universal patent data (1895-1979) and inventor records, we compare high- and low-mortality areas. A 10 percent increase in deaths reduces the...

Job displacement causes large and persistent earnings losses. We document that these losses exhibit a U shape over the life cycle: young and old workers experience greater drops than mid-career workers. We develop a simple search model with human capital accumulation and deterioration that...

It is well established that job displacement leads to large and persistent earnings losses, but the reasons for these long-term losses remain unclear. A leading theory ties earnings losses to the demand laid-off workers face for their industry-specific human capital, yet evidence in support of...

Aus dem einleitenden Teil: "Eine sich wandelnde Arbeitswelt ist an sich nichts Neues. Besonders an der aktuellen Situation sind jedoch die hohe Geschwindigkeit der Veränderungen und die gleichzeitige Einwirkung zweier disruptiver Ereignisse, nämlich der Covid-19-Pandemie und der kriegerischen...

The main aim of this paper is to empirically assess the impact of education and tax revenue onfostering new business creation in the OECD countries. To this end, we employ fixed effects and random effects models using panel data from 2006 to 2022, incorporating alternative conditions. Results...

Firm training is key to meeting changing skill demands, yet little is known about the role of workers' beliefs in shaping training participation. In a survey of 3,701 workers in Germany, we document that they expect substantial returns to firm training - both in terms of earnings and...

Exposure to extreme weather events and other adverse shocks has led to an increasing number of humanitarian crises in developing countries in recent years. These events cause acute suffering and compromise future welfare by adversely impacting human capital formation among vulnerable...

The objective of this policy note is to provide an overview of the status of digital skills in Nigeria from a comparative perspective and understand how prepared educational institutions are to help develop the digital skills of the population. First, the note summarizes the status of access to...