This paper explores ways in which borrower-based measures (BBMs) could be applied to commercial real estate (CRE) lending, focusing on suitable metrics and scope. BBMs have already proven to be effective in mitigating credit risks in residential real estate lending by curbing excessive credit...

We document that increases in property insurance premiums reduce mortgage originations. The effect is strongest for the rate refinancing and cash-out refinancing segments. We show that denials associated with increased premiums are significantly more likely attributed to high debt-to-income...

This study investigates the determinants of turnover intention among real estate sales professionals in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), two markets that represent contrasting economic realities within the MENA region. Drawing on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Vroom's Expectancy...

This report investigates how the Irish housing transaction system influences buyer and seller behaviour. Drawing on behavioural science, it explores how cognitive biases, including auction fever, loss aversion and ambiguity aversion, may be exacerbated by features of the Irish market. We...

This paper examines the evolution of the Portuguese residential real estate market during the first twenty-five years of the 21st century, focusing on the short-run determinants of housing transaction values. Using quarterly data from 2000 to 2025, the study applies an econometric time-series...

The EU member states of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) experienced strong house price growth, on average, in the second and third quarter of 2025. A key contributing factor was the stable macroeconomic environment, particularly the strong performance of the labor market, which...

We study a German policy intervention that shifted the statutory incidence of real estate agent commissions from buyers to sellers. Liability-side equivalence predicts no effect on economic incidence as sellers are expected to pass on the additional burden through higher prices. We use real...

Due to the smoothing problem with appraisal-based indices, there is uncertainty about the true volatility of value change returns on real estate markets. The selection of unsmoothing procedures proposed in the literature obviously cannot remedy this. The article argues that it is hardly possible...

This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund (HPF) system on households. Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019, this study empirically investigates this effect from two dimensions: the impact of HPF...

The construction sector plays a key role in fostering economic growth and in ensuring housing affordability. However, the sector faces many challenges. Designing a framework that allows for productivity growth is essential, especially since the labour force is shrinking. Moreover, solutions have...

The construction sector plays a key role in fostering economic growth and in ensuring housing affordability. However, the sector faces many challenges. Designing a framework that allows for productivity growth is essential, especially since the labour force is shrinking. Moreover, solutions have...

This study examines the impact of debt policy, firm size, and liquidity on firm value in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2022 to 2024. Using a quantitative approach, this research employed multiple linear regression analysis supported by...

The causal relationship between living in a peripheral area and real estate investment decisions is currently unexplored in empirical literature. Using survey data on 2711 Italian respondents collected between 2022 and 2023, we show that living in a peripheral area has a negative impact on the...

Research background: Access to official information on the real estate market, backed by the authority of public institutions, in particular on average housing prices, is an important element of the real estate market regime. In Poland, such information is published in various spatial, temporal...

This study examines whether the COVID-19 pandemic led to lasting shifts in residential housing valuation in the UK, focusing on Greater London and seven major cities. The following questions are addressed: a) Was this change in residential valuations temporary, or is it likely to be permanent?...

This paper employs a Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression Directional-Spillover (TVP-VAR-DY) model to investigate the dynamic spillover effects among China's energy, real estate, and stock markets from 2013 to 2023, with a focus on the impact of extreme events. The findings show that the...