Revealing the harsh reality of trafficking in persons and forced labour within the Southern Africa and Indian Ocean Region, the Regional Baseline Assessment sheds light on prevalent challenges and critical gaps in addressing these criminal activities. Despite efforts to combat trafficking,...

Southern China (SC) suffered a series of unprecedented extreme heat waves (EHWs) in early summer (June-July) 2020, which broke the historical record of EHW frequency since 1979. Observational analysis shows that prolonged EHWs were primarily induced by anomalous tropospheric circulation over SC...

The relevance of the IOR is fourfold, First historical relevance. The Indian Ocean has been a zone of human interaction for several millennia, boasting a 1,500 years history of active high seas trade -much before the arrival of Europeans in 1498. Adequate proofs exist to establish that the...

From AD 500-1000, the Indian Ocean emerged as a global commercial centre, and by around 750-800 a sophisticated trade network had been established involving the movement of goods from Japan and China in the east, to southern Africa and Spain in the west. However, the Indian Ocean's commercial...

We estimate the causal effect of the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka on household income and consumption eight years after the event, using a quasi-experimental method. A strong association between area-wide tsunami disaster shock and increases in household income and consumption in the...

"The Florentine traveller, merchant, and academician Filippo Sassetti was one of the premier economic thinkers of the late Renaissance. Well known for his ethnographic observations, Sassetti was also a commercial writer of the highest caliber-- at once an original thinker and a remarkable...

Measuring impacts of extreme events on population well-being is complicated if data are not representative of the pre-event at-risk population or a representative sample of the population is not followed post-event. The sources and nature of some important biases are documented using data from...

The Indian Ocean region has seen an exchange of goods and commodities since antiquity. Long before the emergence of modern nation states and the Westphalian concept of sovereignty, Indian territory saw a regular arrival of foreign merchants and commodities. At the same time, there is a long...

Conventional wisdom in economics holds that traditional credit and insurance networks are inapt for insuring against covariate risks such as natural hazards. We challenge this claim by examining changes in financial allocations in Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (Roscas), a popular...

The supply of credit may increase or decrease following a natural disaster, depending on the extent to which banks can absorb risk, and the economic prospects and demand for finance by affected firms and households. In this paper, we assess the impact of a natural disaster (Indian Ocean Tsunami...

The objective of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of energy policy, market design and regulatory practices in the Indian Ocean Islands. Based on this analysis, the study aims to identify implications for the transition to a sustainable energy system for the islands, where...

Conventional wisdom in economics holds that traditional credit and insurance networks are inapt for insuring against covariate risks such as natural hazards. We challenge this claim by examining changes in financial allocations in Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (Roscas), a popular...

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Thinking with roads -- Penny Harvey -- 1. Why highways remake hierarchies -- Luke Heslop and Galen Murton -- 2. Stuck on the side of the road -- Mobility, marginality, and neoliberal governmentality in Nepal -- Galen Murton and Tulasi...

From AD 500-1000, the Indian Ocean emerged as a global commercial centre, and by around 750-800 a sophisticated trade network had been established involving the movement of goods from Japan and China in the east, to southern Africa and Spain in the west. However, the Indian Ocean's commercial...

Chapter 1. International Environmental Change in the Indian Ocean Region and China’s Stragetic Choices -- Chapter 2. Stragetic Thinking on China’s Response to the US New Indo-Pacific Concept -- Chapter 3. Indian Ocean Security Environmental Assessment -- Chapter 4. India’s Approach to...

The primary argument of this article seeks to highlight the irresponsible and insensitive categorisation of the Pacific peoples as 'climate refugees'. International actors' interpretation and use of such a term is damaging as it depicts these peoples as a vulnerable, rather than resilient group....

This independent evaluation focuses on the 2012-2016 €110 million humanitarian assistance provided by the European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO) in the Southern Africa and Indian Ocean region. The multi-country...

The Indian Ocean is the world's third largest, covering around 70 560 000 km² (approximately 20 % of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean. The Western Indian Ocean (WIO)...

The world’s oceans are both one of the primary mediators of climate change and one of the most important sources of climate change mitigation, constituting the world’s largest carbon sink. However, the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (particularly carbon dioxide) in the...

Whilst important in its own right, the Indian Ocean acts as the connective tissue in the broader Indo-Asia-Pacific in which all countries share vested interests in the optimized flow of maritime use and prosperity. Admiral Swift addresses the issue of actions taking place, particularly in the...

This paper emphasizes the importance of the Indian Ocean Region and Sea Lines of Communication in the context of world trade and resources. The threats outlined in the paper - piracy, terrorism and environmental disasters - impede the flow of trade and shipping. Given the importance of the Sea...

The Indian Ocean is traversed by some of the world's most important shipping routes. The fact that four continents (if one includes the Antarctic) front the Indian Ocean and its southern approaches is itself explanation of the wide range of political, economic and cultural challenges that are...

Global warming threatens the very existence of small islands, and not only due to rising sea levels. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and are projected to grow in ferocity. Water infrastructure is easily put out of action by storms, while tidal surges and slow-setting sea-level...

Global warming threatens the very existence of small islands, and not only due to rising sea levels. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and are projected to grow in ferocity. Water infrastructure is easily put out of action by storms, while tidal surges and slow-setting sea-level...

Exposure to extreme events has been hypothesized to affect subsequent mortality because of mortality selection and scarring effects of the event itself. We examine survival at and in the five years after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami for a population-representative sample of...