Bulgaria has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past three decades. Despite this transformation and although European Union (EU) membership in 2007 raised expectations of living standards rapidly converging to EU levels, progress on a range of development challenges has been uneven....

After decades of volatile low growth and low investment, Pakistan has fallen behind its peers in key metrics of development. It now has an opportunity to durably take another course. The economy is recovering from the recent crisis as the government has launched an ambitious program of fiscal,...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets forth the World Bank Group (WBG) strategy for supporting Namibia's goals to reduce poverty and inequality as outlined in its national development plans. Although the WBG has historically had a limited engagement in Namibia, the authorities have...

Two phenomena are increasingly reshaping the world economy. One is the growing and well-documented importance of climate transition policies that differ across countries. The other is the stark rise of geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF) concerns. While differences in climate transition policies are...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) presents the planned engagement of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Azerbaijan over the next five years (FY25-29). The CPF is guided by the government's strategy for socio-economic development for 2022-26 (SEDS) and the WBG's most recent strategic analysis -...

Armenia, a landlocked country in the South Caucasus with a population of three million, has registered important achievements over the past two decades. Between 2000-2023, Armenia achieved robust economic growth averaging 6.3 percent, above the average for Europe and Central Asia (excluding...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group's (WBG) priorities in helping Haiti restore governance, sustain essential public services, and resume growth. The CPF covers the period from fiscal year (FY) 2025 to 2029 and responds to priorities that the government...

This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out how the World Bank Group (WBG) can support the Royal Government of Bhutan's (RGoB) 13th Five Year Plan (FYP 2025-29). The CPF, which covers the period FY25-FY29, focuses on the overarching goal of accelerating economic growth and job creation...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential contribution of cross-border vocational education and training (VET) exchange partnerships within the context of tandem exchanges between VET institutions in the Rhine-Waal Euregio region in the Netherlands and Germany. These tandem...

Four decades ago, the main actors in global health were the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the United States of America and Northern European countries (through bilateral cooperation). Today we are witnessing a proliferation of actors in this...

The village of Chingalire, Malawi, is being transformed into a model of sustainability. For the formulation of a development strategy, information on the village's changes was gathered over a year, focusing on the built environment since its beginnings in 1976. This research aims to initiate the...

According to the German Federal Statistical Office, 2.9 million people in Germany had a Turkish migration background in 2022. Thus, Turkey represents one of the most important countries of origin for migrants in Germany. In the last decade, however, Turkey has also become an important transit...

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is considered as one of the successful regional cooperations and has played a remarkable role in regional, and potentially global, order through its principles of consensus, non-interference, and peaceful resolution of conflicts, providing platform for...

As the World Bank Group (WBG) is evolving, it remains a strategic partner for Romania in helping accelerate the pace and impact of the country's national development efforts while pursuing opportunities to contribute to the global development agenda. The Romania Country Partnership Framework...

The Japanese government's unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety risks. Monitoring the unclear-contaminated water is a starting point to combat these risks and seek remedies for the...

In 2023, Frontex further reinforced its strategic efforts to strengthen partnerships across the key migratory routes to the EU. The Agency actively engaged in structured dialogue and collaborative initiatives with key countries of origin and transit along key migratory routes to the EU,...

The aim of this Strategy is to provide a new impetus for Frontex in the external dimension, making full use of the Agency's mandate and available tools, and ensuring they are strategically positioned within broader EU policy objectives and available leverage. The Strategy is developed within the...

A terrorist attack, planned to take place in France on 1 July 2018, was prevented through the actions of the Belgian authorities and their partners in Germany, France and Luxembourg. Based on information from their security services, the law enforcement services initiated an investigation at the...

The brief emphasises the need to translate climate commitments into effective policies, focusing on carbon pricing mechanisms like emissions trading, carbon taxes, and crediting mechanisms led by public authorities. - Carbon pricing cooperation is essential for increasing climate ambition,...

In 2023, Frontex further reinforced its strategic efforts to strengthen partnerships across the key migratory routes to the EU. The Agency actively engaged in structured dialogue and collaborative initiatives with key countries of origin and transit along key migratory routes to the EU,...

The aim of this Strategy is to provide a new impetus for Frontex in the external dimension, making full use of the Agency's mandate and available tools, and ensuring they are strategically positioned within broader EU policy objectives and available leverage. The Strategy is developed within the...

The present collection of short papers is an experimental, explorative and introspective German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) project on international and transnational cooperation for development and sustainability. It is the product of internal brainstorming discussions at...

The Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, which accounts for over 50 per cent of the world's population and over 35 per cent of the world's gross domestic product (GDP), is one of the fastest growing regions in the world. The region is growing at higher than the global growth rate and is expected to...

A terrorist attack, planned to take place in France on 1 July 2018, was prevented through the actions of the Belgian authorities and their partners in Germany, France and Luxembourg. Based on information from their security services, the law enforcement services initiated an investigation at the...

The EU and Greenland are taking their unique partnership forward. President von der Leyen has inaugurated the EU Office in Nuuk and signed agreements totalling almost €94 million under the EU Global Gateway investment plan: €71.25 million for education and skills and €22.5 million for...

The project's main aim is to strengthen cooperation within the Western Balkans and between the region and the EU on fighting organised crime and terrorism using modern tools and instruments. This will lead to an enhanced level of interaction and integration between the EU and the Western Balkan...

The project's main aim is to strengthen cooperation within the Western Balkans and between the region and the EU on fighting organised crime and terrorism using modern tools and instruments. This will lead to an enhanced level of interaction and integration between the EU and the Western Balkan...

Living in a cross-border region is still a source of challenges today. Nine stories are presented in this publication to showcase the realities of people experiencing border obstacles and ways to facilitate cross-border solutions throughout Europe.

Living in a cross-border region is still a source of challenges today. Nine stories are presented in this publication to showcase the realities of people experiencing border obstacles and ways to facilitate cross-border solutions throughout Europe.

Two consistent findings from the experimentally literature on public good games are that cooperation declines over time and cooperation is lower in countries with weak institutions. These findings, however, are primarily based on experiments in Europe, North America and Asia. There is little...

Illicit Financial Flows (IFF) - such as corruption and money laundering - have a significant negative impact on the enjoyment of human rights. Combating IFF is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. SDG 16 explicitly promulgates the relation between the rule of law,...