The current investigation aims to demonstrate the impact of strategic psychology, specifically empowerment, inspiration, and profound knowledge, on the achievement of exceptional performance in corporate organizations. The basic data was gathered by means of a questionnaire as a component of an...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, including refugee status and subsidiary protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance document on Iraq. This report should be read in...

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, including refugee status and subsidiary protection, and in particular for use in updating EUAA's country guidance document on Iraq. In order to support the assessment of...

Purpose Iraqi society has suffered from loss or fragility of human security since 2003. The developmental policies, programs and plans of the successive Iraqi Governments throughout the transitional period have not been able to achieve human security, despite the availability of different...

Payment clearing is important to ensure that the payment is transferred or the cash from one bank account moves to the other bank. The banking system in Iraq follows two sorts of clearance systems which are the IBCS (Inter Bank Clearing System) and C-ACH (Check Automated Clearing House System)....

The 2024 Article IV Consultation highlights that domestic stability has improved since the new government took office in October 2022, facilitating the passage of Iraq's first three-year budget, which entailed a large fiscal expansion starting in 2023. The ongoing fiscal expansion is expected to...

The Government of Iraq has embarked on a considerable modernization journey for the General Commission for Taxes (GCT) with the goal of expanding the revenue base following a tax/GDP decline of 1 percentage point in 2022 (from 2 percent in 2020). Taking into account the internal and external...

A pension system is at the heart of social protection. By ensuring income security for older persons and other vulnerable groups, it prevents poverty, reduces inequality, and facilitates consumption smoothing. A pension system also affects the working population's labor market choices and has...

The study aims to identify the effect of the CEO and audit committee characteristics on financial performance. To achieve the study's goal, panel data was adopted for 43 private Iraqi banks from 2018 to 2022 with 215 observations. The data was analyzed using Stata. Three models were used to...

This research aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets in Iran, Iraq and Jordan. In order to collect the required data, a standard questionnaire provided in the literature was used. The research period is the second...

The importance of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased in recent years because of their important role in economic development. Several studies have pointed to the importance of such projects and their role in reducing transaction costs, enhancing individual interactions and...

Territorial "oil borders" of Dubai and IraqAccording to the recent report of the Iraqi Ministry of Oil, which refers in numbers to the smuggling operations that took place in 2005 and their economic repercussions, estimating the seized funds at a value of one billion dollars, indicating that...

The research aims to demonstrate the impact of borrowing costs on economic growth rates, and achieving sustainable development in Iraq for the period between 2020-2018, according to the content of International Accounting Standard No (23) on borrowing costs, which was adopted by the...

The goal of this study is to look into the hidden dangers of water disputes among Turkey, Syria, and Egypt. Everyone is aware of the fact that natural resources like water is the building block of development of any country. Water is a valuable resource that is becoming increasingly scarce. With...

The unsustainable expansion of Iraq's public sector payroll has been driven by political patronage, the need for job creation, and an oil-dependent economy. With an alarming 80% of the government's budget devoted to the public sector payroll, Iraq's economy and political stability are teetering...

There has been supreme importance to the religious institution in the lives of the populations as it represents one of the most vital factors affecting the course of their lives and the way their civilization progresses. Religious beliefs delineated the wide-ranging structure of human behavior...

This study looks at how to turn e-learning from a defensive strategy for institutions of higher education to continue the academic process in the aftermath of the Corona pandemic to an supportive strategy for developing the educational process in those institutions and taking advantage of the...

The current study seeks to assess the influence of monetary policy carried out by the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI henceforth) on stock market performance (SMP henceforth) from 2008 to 2021. Three monetary policy variables have been considered: money supply, inflation, and interest rate. Meanwhile,...

Speaking at the inauguration ceremony in June after being sworn in for the third time as the president of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan promised the nation that his policies in the coming five years would "crown the second century of the republic with the Century of Türkiye". Turkey has...

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the secessionist orientation of Kurdistan Region's paradiplomacy in the context of two main variables: the internal structural variables in Iraq after 2003 and the nationalism variable. Design/methodology/approach - This study relies on the theory of...

This paper assesses the costs and benefits of Iraq's own energy transition from fossil fuel dependent power sector to one with a significantly higher share of renewables amid an accelerating global energy transition. The paper quantifies the returns of Iraq's energy transition, its high exposure...

Iraq's economy continued its recovery after the sharp, pandemic-induced recession in 2020 but growth constraints in the oil sector have reemerged. After moderating in 2022, consumer price inflation ticked up in early 2023, fueled by the depreciation of the Iraqi dinar in the parallel market....

In Iraq, like many countries around the world, the informal sector is a major contributor to employment and business activity. The Iraq Labor Force Survey (LFS) of 2021 estimated that more than half of the workers in the country do not contribute to social insurance, consequently informal....

Successive conflicts in Iraq were characterized by tactics to damage its oil and industrial assets that not only led to huge economic loss, but pollution of environmental resources (air, land, and water) on an unprecedented scale. The Damage and Needs Assessment (DNA) carried out by the World...

This study assesses the distributional impacts of public expenditures and taxes on poverty and inequality in the Republic of Iraq. The analysis uses the Commitment to Equity methodology and is based on the survey and government fiscal administrative data for fiscal year 2017. Results from the...

This paper examines the impact of exposure to violence during pregnancy on anthropometric and cognitive outcomes of children in the medium-run. I combine detailed household-level data on more than 36,000 children with geo-coded information on civilian casualties in the aftermath of the US...