This report highlights the commonalities and disagreements between the reporting by Member States (MS) to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) on the standards for Biological Quality elements in coastal waters, and the methodological standards...

The Blue Solutions for Africa series of operational briefs captures how a thriving Blue Economy can help African countries better manage the development challenges they face while supporting economic growth, sustainable livelihoods, and the health of these precious ecosystems

Across Africa, rising populations and increased socioeconomic activity in coastal areas are resulting in increasing marine pollution. Rather than expand their Blue Economies, countries need to combat pollution in coastal and marine waters to mitigate the threats posed to biodiversity, ecosystem...

With 17,504 islands, 108,000 kilometers of coastline, and three-quarters of its territory at sea, Indonesia's prosperity is deeply entwined with its oceans. Yet the future for Indonesia's oceans, like those worldwide, is increasingly uncertain. Climate change is driving increases in water...

I model the ocean as an array of lines set within a two-dimensional frame, and show how the Exclusive Economic Zone emerged as an equilibrium in customary international law. I find that custom codifies the efficient Nash equilibrium of enclosure for nearshore fisheries. For highly migratory and...

Climate change is projected to cause brownification of some coastal seas due to increased runoff of terrestrially derived organic matter. We carried out a mesocosm experiment (15 d) to test the effect of this on the planktonic ecosystem. The experiment was set up in 2.2 m 3 bags using four...

Future production forecasts are the final output of the uncertainty quantification workflows in the oil and gas industry and are essential for decision making. Exploration and production companies have every interest in being unbiased in their forecasts and getting uncertainty estimates right,...

COVID-19 lockdown brought to a drastic reduction of anthropic impacts on the environment worldwide, including the marine-coastal system. Earth-Observation (EO) data have the potential to monitor and diagnose the effects of the lockdown in terms of water quality. Here we connect the dots among...

Purpose - China has established 14 marine economic development demonstration zones in 2018, which has become an important step in exploring the high-quality development of the marine economy. The paper statistically analyzes the documents related to the field of marine economy and special...

We propose a methodological framework to assess the causal impact of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events on economic indicators at a territorial level, with special consideration for spatial effects. Using the Mar Menor region in Spain as a case study, we empirically apply our framework. Our...

This Chapter provides an overview of the maritime boundary delimitation disputes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, and the interplay between these disputes and the exploration and exploitation of seabed energy resources, particularly hydrocarbons. This chapter explores, first, how the majority...

Governments around the world are looking to ensure their transition to full low- carbon economies whilst tackling climate change by implementing offshore carbon capture & storage; a method of permanently removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fossil fuels and burying it deep below the...

This paper addresses duties under Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi (the Treaty) for protection of particular Māori interests in the face of coastal hazards associated with sea-level rise. Under Te Tiriti o Waitangi, the Crown has a duty to actively protect Māori lands, estates,...

Investments in oil and gas fields are regressed against variables on panel field-data from the start of oil and gas production on the Norwegian continental shelf in 1968 until 2016. Two alternative models track the observed investments aggregated across fields from 1970 until 2016 relatively...

Normally, a coastal State has sovereign rights to explore and exploit the natural resources of the continental shelf appurtenant to its territory. In some situations, however, States have overlapping claims as to their continental shelves, which raises important issues as to how such States must...

While a pragmatic approach should be taken in dealing with individual States, there is no doubt that warships enjoy freedom of navigation in the territorial sea and the freedom to conduct military exercises in the Exclusive Economic Zone without prior notice or authorisation

Iskandar Malaysia, a major economic zone in the southern part of Malaysia, is experiencing meteoric growth. Given that the zone lies along the Straits of Johor, how will the increasing industrialisation and urbanisation seen in the area affect the marine and coastal environment? Also, what are...

The decision in the South China Sea arbitration in relation to the interpretation of art 121(3) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has broad implications for states not party to the case. New Zealand, like many other countries, claims an exclusive economic zone and...

The aim of this paper is to assess the proposals to “freeze” the maritime entitlement of coastal States in the face of sea-level rise. It first places sea-level rise in the context of climate change in the Anthropocene and briefly looks at the international community’s responses,...

The growing challenge for marine governance : global environmental change / Paul G. Harris -- The global oceans regime : the law of the sea and beyond / Erik van Doorn -- The climate-oceans nexus : oceans in the climate regime, climate in the oceans regime / Rozemarijn J. Roland Holst -- The...

La mer est cette « Nouvelle Frontière » dont la France a besoin pour gagner en mobilité et en compétitivité. Elle donne les clés d'un avenir désirable et durable. Avec ses 20 000 km de côtes et ses 11 millions de km2 de surface maritime, la France possède, grâce à l'outre-mer, le...

This paper studies the investment decisions by oil and gas companies operating on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. We account for the heterogeneity across the fields by including field-specific variables, including geological and geographical variables. We find that the most important factors...

Since the Arctic is increasingly accessible owing to climate change, oil and gas exploitation in the marine Arctic attracts the attention of states and energy companies. However, the marine Arctic, and particularly West Greenland, is known to be particularly vulnerable to oil spills because of...

States are expending significant effort to chart the extent of their continental shelves where these extend beyond 200 nautical miles. As more is understood about marine biodiversity on the outer continental shelf, states may wish to regulate the use of biodiversity for the purposes of...

In this paper we analyse rig rate formation of floaters operating on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. We first develop a simple bargaining model for rig markets. Then we examine empirically the most important drivers for rig rate formation in the period 1991q4 to 2013q4. We use reduced form time...

This paper studies the influence of marine ecology on social institutions of inheritance and descent. In a sample of 79 small-scale horticultural fishing communities in the Solomon Islands, and in samples of 186 to 1,267 societies across the world, we find that coral reef density systematically...

This study employs financial simulation modelling, including use of the Monte Carlo technique, to project oil and gas activity levels in the UK Continental Shelf to 2050 with an oil price scenario gradually rising from 2019 onwards to reach $100 per barrel in real terms in 2050. The Monte Carlo...

Objective – The purpose of the present study is to determine Indonesia's efforts to maintain and protect the fishery resources. Methodology/Technique – The present study used the normative juridical research method by researching the literature available. Findings – As stipulated in...

This contribution provides a composite overview of the continental shelf boundaries in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean from a historical perspective, dating back to the early days of the North Sea oil and gas industry, before considering live issues such as those surrounding the remote...

EU policy has helped to address threats to Europe's coastal habitats and to protect the ecosystem services they provide. Innovative approaches to funding nature conservation should enhance the impact of coastal management and restoration work.

EU policy has helped to address threats to Europe's coastal habitats and to protect the ecosystem services they provide. Innovative approaches to funding nature conservation should enhance the impact of coastal management and restoration work.

We examine drivers of cost overruns in Norwegian development projects in the oil and gas sector. The multivariate longitudinal econometric analysis employs a unique and detailed dataset consisting of 80 different projects between 2000 and 2015. Among the significant results, we find that the...

Oceans and seas are essential components of the biosphere. Marine sustainability and human society are intrinsically interlinked. The oceans are crucial for global food security, human health and regulation of climate. The livelihoods of over 3 billion people worldwide depend upon services from...

Oceans and seas are essential components of the biosphere. Marine sustainability and human society are intrinsically interlinked. The oceans are crucial for global food security, human health and regulation of climate. The livelihoods of over 3 billion people worldwide depend upon services from...